Articles publicats (IRBLleida)
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L'IRBLleida és un centre de recerca conjunt entre la Universitat i el Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Té com a funció potenciar les sinergies de recerca biomèdica entre ambdós institucions i està compromès en avançar en la recerca biomèdica com a mitja per millorar la salut de la població i facilitar una activitat assistencial òptima en situacions de malaltia. [Més informació].
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- ItemOpen AccessLessons learned from cross-sectoral collaboration to protect migrant farmworkers during COVID-19 in Spain(Plos, 2025-01-03) Úbeda Pavia, Miquel; Villa-Cordero, Vanesa; González Rodríguez, Juan Agustín; Cabello, Sergio Andrés; Perez-Urdiales, Iratxe; Jiménez-Lasserrotte, María del Mar; Pastor-Bravo, María del Mar; Briones Vozmediano, Erica TulaIn Spain, the agricultural sector relies heavily on migrant workers, especially during seasonal seasons. However, these workers face significant challenges related to precarious working conditions and structural vulnerability, which have become more acute since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive qualitative study was based on 87 personal interviews with health and social professionals from sectors such as NGOs, social services, trade unions, local institutions, and health services to promote compliance with these measures in four Spanish regions. It explored the difficulties faced by migrant agricultural workers in complying with prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, the measures taken by organizations and public institutions and the health consequences of the pandemic on this group. After a reflexive thematic analysis, the results show how to mitigate the pandemic’s impact, both local authorities and NGOs implemented extraordinary measures to care for migrant farm workers. Responses to the pandemic included temporary housing, mass testing, and stricter labor regulations. Working conditions, constant mobility, precarious housing, and language barriers contributed to the difficulty of implementing preventive measures. Covid-19 intensified inequalities and highlighted the lack of preparedness of institutions to deal with this group. The conclusions suggest that intercultural competence in health professional training and the creation of inclusive approaches to health and social care are critical to addressing health disparities and ensuring the wellbeing of all migrant farm workers, regardless of their migration status or mobility.
- ItemOpen AccessDark Triad Traits, Social Position, and Personality: A Cross-Cultural Study(Sage, 2022) Aluja Fabregat, Antón; García, Luis Francisco; Rossier, Jérôme; Ostendorf, Fritz; Glicksohn, Joseph; Oumar, Barry; Bellaj, Tarek; Ruch, Willibald; Wang, Wei; Suranyi, Zsuzsanna; Scigala, Dawid; Cekrlija, Dorde; Stivers, Adam; Di Blas, Lisa; Valdivia, Mauricio; Ben Jemaa, Sonia; Atitsogbe, Kokou A.; Hansenne, MichelThis research explores the Dark Triad traits in 18 cultures from Europe, America, Africa, and Asia. We examined the relationships among Dark Triad traits, as measured by the SD3, with gender, age, social status, and two personality models, HEXACO and Zuckerman’s alternative five factor model (AFFM). There were 10,298 participants (5,410 women and 4,888 men) with a mean age of 40.31 (SD = 17.32) years old. Between 6% and 16% of the variance in the Dark Triad traits was accounted by culture. Men scored higher than women on all three traits in most cultures, but gender differences were generally larger in European countries. The relationship between the Dark Triad traits dimensions and age is negative, but the largest effect size is small (Psychopathy; η2 = .018). Psychopathy is associated with low Social Position, and Narcissism with high Social Position. In regard to Personality traits, Narcissism is positively related to Extraversion, and Psychopathy is negatively related to Conscientiousness for the HEXACO, and Narcissism is positively related to Activity and Sensation Seeking, and Machiavellianism and Psychopathy are positively related to Aggressiveness and Sensation Seeking for the AFFM.
- ItemOpen AccessLocation of International Classification of Diseases–11th Revision and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Dimensional Trait Models in the Alternative Five-Factor Personality Space(American Psychological Association, 2021) Aluja Fabregat, Antón; Sayans-Jiménez, Pablo; García, Luis Francisco; Gutiérrez, FernandoThis study explores the dimensionality (factor analysis) and the relationships (empirical networks) between the Zuckerman alternative five-factor personality model and the two current pathological dimensional personality systems based on the International Classification of Diseases–11th Revision (ICD-11) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5), Section III. To this end, the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire–Short Form (ZKA-PQ/SF), the Personality Inventory for ICD-11, and the Personality Inventory for DSM–5–Short Form were used with 1,229 healthy community subjects: 578 men (Mage = 40.03, SD = 17.77) and 651 women (Mage = 39.63, SD = 17.81). The results show that the pathological traits of Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Disinhibition, and Antagonism/Dissociality are correlatively placed in the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Sensation Seeking, and Aggressiveness dimensional space. Psychoticism is positioned, to a lesser extent and with a similar loading, in Sensation Seeking and Neuroticism, whereas Anankastia is associated with the Activity factor. The five ZKA-PQ domains explain 42% of the variance of Personality Inventory for ICD-11 and 39% of the variance of Personality Inventory for DSM–5–Short Form, whereas the ZKA-PQ facets explain 47% and 44%, respectively. It is concluded that Zuckerman’s alternative five-factor model of personality may be useful to better understand the position of pathological or maladaptive traits in the space of normal personality, complementarily to the five-factor model. It also helps to integrate the maladaptive personality traits of the ICD-11 and the DSM–5 Section III into a single system.
- ItemOpen AccessModeling the effect of daytime duration on the biosynthesis of terpenoid precursors(Frontiers Media, 2024-01-11) Basallo, Oriol; Lucido, Abel; Sorribas Tello, Albert; Marin-Sanguino, Alberto; Vilaprinyo Terré, Ester; Martinez, Emilce; Eleiwa, Abderrahmane; Alves, RuiTerpenoids are valued chemicals in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological, cosmetic, and biomedical industries. Biosynthesis of these chemicals relies on polymerization of Isopentenyl di-phosphate (IPP) and/or dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) monomers, which plants synthesize using a cytosolic mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and a plastidic methyleritritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. Circadian regulation affects MVA and MEP pathway activity at three levels: substrate availability, gene expression of pathway enzymes, and utilization of IPP and DMAPP for synthesizing complex terpenoids. There is a gap in understanding the interplay between the circadian rhythm and the dynamics and regulation of the two pathways. In this paper we create a mathematical model of the MVA and MEP pathways in plants that incorporates the effects of circadian rhythms. We then used the model to investigate how annual and latitudinal variations in circadian rhythm affect IPP and DMAPP biosynthesis. We found that, despite significant fluctuations in daylight hours, the amplitude of oscillations in IPP and DMAPP concentrations remains stable, highlighting the robustness of the system. We also examined the impact of removing circadian regulation from different parts of the model on its dynamic behavior. We found that regulation of pathway substrate availability alone results in higher sensitivity to daylight changes, while gene expression regulation alone leads to less robust IPP/DMAPP concentration oscillations. Our results suggest that the combined circadian regulation of substrate availability, gene expression, and product utilization, along with MVA- and MEP-specific regulatory loops, create an optimal operating regime. This regime maintains pathway flux closely coupled to demand and stable across a wide range of daylight hours, balancing the dynamic behavior of the pathways and ensuring robustness in response to cellular demand for IPP/DMAPP.
- ItemOpen AccessThe Alternative Model of Personality Disorders: Assessment, Convergent and Discriminant Validity, and a Look to the Future(Annual Reviews, 2024) García, Luis Francisco; Gutiérrez, Fernando; García, Oscar; Aluja Fabregat, AntónThe Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) is a dimensional, empirically based diagnostic system developed to overcome the serious limitations of traditional categories. We review the mounting evidence on its convergent and discriminant validity, with an incursion into the less-studied ICD-11 system. In the literature, the AMPD's Pathological Trait Model (Criterion B) shows excellent convergence with normal personality traits, and it could be useful as an organizing framework for mental disorders. In contrast, Personality Functioning (Criterion A) cannot be distinguished from personality traits, lacks both discriminant and incremental validity, and has a shaky theoretical background. We offer some suggestions with a view to the future. These include removing Criterion A, using the real-life consequences of traits as indicators of severity, delving into the dynamic mechanisms underlying traits, and furthering the integration of currently disengaged psychological paradigms that can shape a sounder clinical science.