Comunicacions a congressos (Enginyeria Industrial i de l’Edificació)

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Open Access
Active bogies, chassis levelling and transmission efficiency for a vehicle operating in rough terrain
(International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, 2012) Comellas Andrés, Martí; Pijuan Cases, Jordi; Roca Enrich, Joan; Potau, Xavi
There is a growing interest in developing systems that allow the mobility of vehicles in rugged terrain, as in forestry areas, where conventional wheeled vehicles have limitations. Four axle vehicles with bogies can adapt the position of the wheels to follow irregularities in the terrain, having an obstacle surpassing ability far greater than conventional 2-axle vehicles. Still, the ability to overcome discrete obstacles on a steep slope is very different depending on the wheel that is facing the obstacle. A possible solution to diminish this variation can be found if the vehicle is able to actively redistribute the load on each wheel. One strategy is to design the suspension mechanism so it can adjust chassis’ height, being able to level it. Also, an active torque on the pin join between the bogie and the chassis can be applied achieving a redistribution of the load, adopting a system of active bogies. This study examines the longitudinal motion of a vehicle along ascending ramps, with different slope, at the time that one of its wheels is facing an obstacle. Results for different vehicle’s configurations are presented, and the efficiency of the proposed driveline is calculated in different situations. Results show that the use of active bogies provides improved capacity to overcome obstacles, active chassis levelling can also provide an improvement in the obstacle surmounting ability. However, the wheels of the front bogie are negatively affected by the height regulation, so implementing a permanent chassis levelling is not the best solution. The driveline efficiency results are considerably lower than the combination of the maximum efficiency values of each of the components because they all never work simultaneously at their maximum efficiency working point. In addition, the overall driveline efficiency is highly dependant on the operating conditions of each of the elements and their operation mode.
Open Access
ALMIA Educativa as an educational strategy towards an effective energy transition of a rural village
(2022) Arco Bravo, Isabel del; Ramos Pla, Anabel; Zsembinszki, Gabriel; Gracia Cuesta, Alvaro de; Cabeza, Luisa F.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [1] was adopted in 2015 by the United Nations (UN) and its member states with the main objective of providing a path to protect the planet from degradation and to people prosperity and world peace. A total of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are included in the agenda, with specific targets and actions to achieve this ambitious overarching goal. In Sustainable Development the person is key for policies and efforts to improve conditions in each social context. The three key aspects to consider are: (i) the promotion of remote human and socially equitable development for all humanity based on inclusion, (ii) the guidance of economic development at the service of human development, and finally, (iii) the promotion of responsible use of the planet’s natural resources [2]. The fast growth of population in large urban areas is expected to generate or aggravate many problems related to citizen insecurity, energy and water supply, excessive production and over-consumption, waste generation, etc. At the same time, access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all people living in rural areas must be ensured. Education is a fundamental tool to build sustainable societies actively involving all citizens in the sustainable development. The objective of this paper is to describe the ALMIA project as a strategic plan for the transformation of a small village called Almatret (Catalonia, Spain) towards sustainable development as a net positive energy and sustainable village, aligned with the implementation of the 17 SDGs. This paper focuses on ALMIA Educativa as an educational strategy to make the energy transition effective in the rural village.
Open Access
Análisis de la evolución del Itinerario de Diseño Centrado en el Usuario y Diseño Inclusivo de la EPSEVG de la UPC
(Comité de Organización de la II JOrnada de Trabajo sobre Enseñanza de CHI (CHIJOTE’18). Universitat de Lleida, 2018) Guasch Murillo, Daniel; Ponsa Asensio, Pere
En el año 2009 se iniciaron los estudios de grado de “Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo del Producto” en la “Escola Politècnica Superior d’Enginyeria de Vilanova i la Geltrú” de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Una de las especificidades de este grado fue la incorporación de un itinerario de Diseño Centrado en el Usuario y Diseño Inclusivo, focalizado en el área de conocimiento de la interacción persona-computador. Nueve años después, se presenta un análisis de la evolución de este itinerario basado en datos estadísticos agregados reales. Se han analizado datos de procedencia y nota de acceso de los estudiantes, número de matriculados y titulados, resultados de evaluación los estudiantes del itinerario, así como los resultados de las encuestas oficiales de la UPC realizadas por los estudiantes. El resultado principal de este estudio pone de manifiesto que se trata de una buena experiencia docente en HCI.
Open Access
Anodic and Cathodic Protection Assessment on Chloride Molten Salts for the Next Generation of CSP Plants
(SolarPACES Conference, 2019) Fernández, Ángel G.; Cabeza, Luisa F.
The prevention of high-temperature corrosion on containment materials plays a critical role, and a corrosion mitigation plan is needed to achieve the target plant lifetime of 30 years. This paper analyzed two mitigation corrosion strategies (anodic and cathodic protection) in a eutectic ternary chloride molten salt, composed by 20.4wt.% KCl + 55.1wt.% MgCl2 + 24.5wt.% NaCl. The corrosion mechanism and corrosion rates were obtained through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Ni base alloys generate a protective scale layer (anodic protection) during 8 hours of immersion with a corrosion rate of 6.34 mm/year (In702) and 3.12 mm/year (HR224). Monitoring corrosion results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), obtaining alumina and chromia protective layers.
Open Access
Benchmarking of energy demand of domestic and small business buildings
(Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), 2017) Coma Arpón, Julià; Maldonado, José Miguel; Gracia Cuesta, Alvaro de; Gimbernat, Toni; Botargues, Teresa; Cabeza, Luisa F.
Rapid expansion of solar thermal energy for increasing energy efficiency of buildings has been adopted in short/medium and long-term energy strategies of EU countries. This enhancement of energy efficiency in buildings is in line with regional actions with the European climate energy objectives as defined in the European Union’s “20-20-20” targets and in the European Commission’s Energy Roadmap 2050. Within this context, the overall objective of this work is to develop an innovative high performance and cost effective hybrid solar heat and power system, which consist in a novel flat Fresnel mirror solar concentrating collector and micro organic Rankine cycle plant combined with advanced phase change materials as thermal storage, all system managed by smart control units. The initial application is to be implemented in individual dwellings and small business residential buildings for on-site electricity and heat generation using solar thermal energy. It is estimated that the proposed technology will deliver 60% of domestic energy requirements and provide 20% reduction in energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions compared to the best existing low carbon energy technologies. To reach the main objectives, the first step consist in providing information on features of architecture of domestic and small business residential buildings and their annual energy demands for different countries such as: Spain, France Germany, Italy, and United Kingdom. This will include detailed building information of envelopes (walls, roof, lofts, etc.), structure, fabric, and results of energy demands (domestic hot water, space heating and electricity) for the abovementioned countries. This information will be used as input data during the development of this technology as it will point out the potential benefits of the system in different countries, climates, and building typologies.
Open Access
Benchmarking of energy demand of domestic and small business buildings
(Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2017) Coma Arpón, Julià; Maldonado, José Miguel; Gracia Cuesta, Alvaro de; Gimbernat, Toni; Botargues, Teresa; Cabeza, Luisa F.
In Europe the building sector represents 41% of the final energy consumption and the 40% of the total GHG emissions of end-use sectors (Directive 2010/31/EU) [1]. Solar energy is one of the forms of renewable energy that has great potential to enable EU the ambition of 12% of heating coming from renewable sources by 2020 [2]. Within this context, the overall objective of the project Innovative Micro Solar Heat and Power System (Innova MicroSolar) is to develop a high performance and cost effective solar heat and power system, which consist in a novel flat Fresnel mirror solar concentrating collector and micro organic Rankine cycle plant combined with advanced phase change materials as thermal storage, all system managed by smart control units. This technology will be initially implemented in individual dwellings and small business residential buildings for on-site electricity and heat generation using solar thermal energy.
Open Access
Benchmarking of energy demand of residential buildings
(Çukurova University, 2018) Coma Arpón, Julià; Maldonado, José Miguel; Gracia Cuesta, Alvaro de; Gimbernat, Toni; Botargues, Teresa; Cabeza, Luisa F.
Solar thermal energy has been adopted in medium and long‐term energy strategies within EU countries for increasing the energy efficiency of buildings. In this context, the overall objective of this project consists in developing an innovative high performance and cost effective hybrid system (solar heat and electrical power). The initial application is to be implemented in residential buildings for on‐site electricity and heat generation using solar thermal energy. The proposed technology is expected to deliver 60% of domestic energy requirements (heating and domestic hot water) and provide 20% reduction in energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions compared to the best existing low carbon energy technologies. A benchmark on the energy demand for the different types of residential buildings in Europe serves as reference scenario to evaluate the potential applicability of the different existing renewable technologies and to establish a comparative framework in terms of quantitative values. Thus, the specific aim of this study consists in performing a state‐of‐the‐art on the different building typologies, which can host this technology, and their energy demands for heating and domestic hot water, as well as their associated CO2 emissions.
Open Access
Black box modelling of a latent heat thermal energy storage system coupled with heat pipes
(IOP Publishing, 2018) Arteconi, Alessia; Ferracuti, Francesco; Tascioni, Roberto; Mahkamov, Khamid; Kenisarin, Murat; Costa, Carolina; Cabeza, Luisa F.; Gracia Cuesta, Alvaro de; Halimic, Elvedin; Mullen, David; Lynn, Kevin; Cioccolanti, Luca
This paper presents black box models to represent a LHTESS (Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System) coupled with heat pipes, aimed at increasing the storage performance and at decreasing the time of charging/discharging. The presented storage system is part of a micro solar CHP plant and the developed model is intended to be used in the simulation tool of the overall system, thus it has to be accurate but also fast computing. Black box data driven models are considered, trained by means of numerical data obtained from a white box detailed model of the LHTESS and heat pipes system. A year round simulation of the system during its normal operation within the micro solar CHP plant is used as dataset. Then the black box models are trained and finally validated on these data. Results show the need for a black box model that can take into account the different seasonal performance of the LHTESS. In this analysis the best fit was achieved by means of Random Forest models with an accuracy higher than 90%.
Open Access
Comparative analysis of energy demand and CO2 emissions of residential buildings
(International Solar Energy Society, 2017) Coma Arpón, Julià; Maldonado, José Miguel; Gracia Cuesta, Alvaro de; Gimbernat, Toni; Botargues, Teresa; Cabeza, Luisa F.
Rapid expansion of solar thermal energy for increasing energy efficiency of buildings has been adopted in short/medium and long-term energy strategies of EU countries. Within this context, the overall objective of this work is to develop an innovative high performance and cost effective hybrid solar heat and power system. The initial application is to be implemented in individual dwellings and small business residential buildings for onsite electricity and heat generation using solar thermal energy. It is estimated that the proposed technology will deliver 60% of domestic energy requirements and provide 20% reduction in energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions compared to the best existing low carbon energy technologies. The aim of this study consists in performing a comparative analysis of the different building typologies, which can host this technology, and their energy demands for heating and domestic hot water, as well as their CO2 emissions.
Open Access
Conocimientos que las empresas necesitan de un profesional en UX
(Comité de Organización de la II JOrnada de Trabajo sobre Enseñanza de CHI (CHIJOTE’18). Universitat de Lleida, 2018) Junoy Domènech, Josep Mª
La aceleración de los cambios tecnológicos ha impactado directamente en la tarea de diseñar interfaces de usuario. Big Data, chatbot, IA, app's, etc., están modificando la implementación de servicios basados en estas tecnologías. Los conocimientos referentes a la Ergonomía Cognitiva siguen siendo totalmente válidos puesto que las personas no hemos evolucionado, pero se ha impulsado un proceso de adaptación en los equipos responsables de HCI/UX. Para empezar, se han incorporado técnicos especializados en estas tecnologías protagonizando procesos de compartición de conocimientos similares a los que hubo en los inicios de la usabilidad. A su vez, los antiguos especialistas en HCI han tenido que aplicar su conocimiento y sus técnicas a nuevas situaciones. Todo ello ha conllevado la necesidad de aprender conceptos de diferentes disciplinas como design thinking, cocreación, service design, chatbot, antropología, filosofía, etc. Por otro lado, aunque en las empresas se han creado nuevos grupos de trabajo para dar soporte a estas tecnologías, el resto de la organización se ha mantenido prácticamente igual. Esto significa que sigue habiendo multitud de stakeholders en los proyectos, de hecho han aumentado con la incorporación de especialistas en las nuevas tecnologías y sigue siendo más necesario que nunca dotar de criterios y conocimientos básicos en HCI/UX a muchos de los empleados.
Open Access
Corrosion inhibitors for TES material at high temperature for CSP plants
(Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2019) Fernández, Ángel G.; Cabeza, Luisa F.
Molten salt technology using nitrate salts as thermal energy storage material is the current state-of-the-art of concentrated solar power technology and power tower central receivers are currently limited by the maximum operating temperature of their working fluid. The limit of solar salt (60wt.%NaNO3 + 40wt.%KNO3) thermal stability is around 565°C with ambient air as the cover gas. In order to obtain higher efficiency goals using molten salt technologies working at higher temperatures (e.g., 650°C to 750°C), a different salt chemistry is required for new generation of CSP plants and chlorides molten salts could be a feasible option. Corrosion mitigation could solve the current issues related with the use of chloride salt at high temperature. In this work, the proposal of different corrosion mitigation strategies has been evaluated, as well as the identification of the most corrosive impurities present in the ternary chloride salt composed by MgCl2/KCl/NaCl (60/20/20 mol%). For this purpose, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests were carried out at 700°C on austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and a Ni base alloy (Inconel 702) during 100 hours. In this case, MgOHCl was identified as the main important corrosive impurity, present in the chloride salt, to control in the storage system. Regarding the materials tested, Ni base alloy (Inconel 702) showed the most promising results for their use as container material.
Open Access
Definition of key performance indicators (KPIs) to evaluate innovative storage systems in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants
(International Solar Energy Society, 2021) Cabeza, Luisa F.; Borri, Emiliano; Gasa, Gemma; Zsembinszki, Gabriel; López-Román, Antón; Prieto, Cristina
The increasing penetration of renewable energies into the energy system is leading to significant development and deployment of generation plants based on the use of solar energy. On large scale, concentrating solar power (CSP) plants is the starring technology. In those systems, thermal energy storage (TES) is an essential component that allows both providing dispatchability and increasing power production thus improving the plant efficiency and reducing both its size and cost. Current storage technologies are mainly based on solar salts (molten salts) and saturated steam, their main drawback being their operating temperatures. Therefore, the current challenge is to develop innovative solutions that allow CSP plants to work at higher temperatures to increase their efficiency. In order to allow the comparison of new TES concepts, the definition of proper key performance indicators (KPIs) helps to better identify the best storage solutions. This paper reports a preliminary selection of KPIs suitable for TES systems and their validation against the commercially available two-tanks molten salts storage concept for a 100 MW net capacity CSP tower plant to allow the comparison with innovative solutions. The results of this study can be used as a basis for comparison of TES technologies with the available ones, as well as to set the target for the research and development of future storage solutions.
Open Access
Development of a new concrete for high-temperature thermal energy storage
(2022) Cabeza, Luisa F.; Boquera, Laura; Castro Chicot, José Ramón; Pisello, Anna Laura
Vision: Being a reference group of engineering at an international level, always linked to the University of Lleida. Mission: To propose solutions to the industry in the fields of sustainability, energy engineering and control, through research, technology transfer and training. Objectives: To improve existing knowledge through research and innovation ; To help increase the competitiveness of companies through collaborations, whether for the design of new products or as a technology consultancy.
Open Access
Development of a Small Solar Thermal Power Plant for Heat and Power Supply to Domestic and Small Business Buildings
(ASME, 2018) Mahkamov, Khamid; Pili, Piero; Manca, Roberto; Leroux, Arthur; Mintsa, André Charles; Lynn, Kevin; Mullen, David; Halimic, Elvedin; Bartolini, Carlo M.; Pirro, Matteo; Costa, Sol-Carolina; Cabeza, Luisa F.; Gracia Cuesta, Alvaro de; Kenisarin, Murat; Makhkamova, Irina
The small solar thermal power plant is being developed with funding from EU Horizon 2020 Program. The plant is configured around a 2-kWel Organic Rankine Cycle turbine and solar field, made of Fresnel mirrors. The solar field is used to heat thermal oil to the temperature of about 240 oC. This thermal energy is used to run the Organic Rankine Cycle turbine and the heat rejected in its condenser (about 18-kWth) is utilized for hot water production and living space heating. The plant is equipped with a latent heat thermal storage to extend its operation by about 4 hours during the evening building occupancy period. The phase change material used is Solar salt with the melting/solidification point at about 220 oC. The total mass of the PCM is about 3,800 kg and the thermal storage capacity is about 100 kWh. The operation of the plant is monitored by a central controller unit. The main components of the plant are being manufactured and laboratory tested with the aim to assemble the plant at the demonstration site, located in Catalonia, Spain. At the first stage of investigations the ORC turbine will be directly integrated with the solar filed to evaluate their joint performance. During the second stage of tests, the Latent Heat Thermal Storage will be incorporated into the plant and its performance during the charging and discharging processes will be investigated. It is planned that the continuous filed tests of the whole plant will be performed during the 2018- 2019 period.
Open Access
Dynamic Modelling of a Hybrid Solar Thermal/electric Energy Storage System for Application in Residential Buildings
(International Solar Energy Society, 2018) Frazzica, Andrea; Palomba, Valeria; Sergi, Francesco; Ferraro, Marco; Cabeza, Luisa F.; Zsembinszki, Gabriel; Oró Prim, Eduard; Karellas, Sotirios; Varvagiannis, Efstratios; Emhofer, Johann; Barz, Tilman
The present paper presents the dynamic modelling of a hybrid thermal/electric energy storage for residential applications. Two systems are considered, which are suitable for application in Continental and Mediterranean climates. Both systems are suitable for the provision of heating, cooling and domestic hot water, but the Continental system is optimized for heating and domestic hot water production, whereas the Mediterranean system is optimized for the covering of cooling demands. The models are realized in Dymola/Modelica environment and are structured according to a modular approach, using only self-developed components or open source libraries. An adsorption module, used for thermal energy storage purposes, a battery pack, used for electrical storage, latent heat storages and heat pumps are the main components modelled. The integration in sub-system and the typical operation during one day under reference conditions are shown, which prove the successful integration of several sub-modules.
Open Access
Energia renovable, nova economia i abandonament o reforçament dels petits municipis
(2021) Cabeza, Luisa F.; Zsembinszki, Gabriel; Gasa, Gemma
Open Access
Ensayos preliminares de una microturbina de ciclo orgánico de Rankine alimentada por un campo solar de concentración tipo Fresnel lineala
(Asociación Española de Energía Solar, 2018) Maldonado, José Miguel; Gracia Cuesta, Alvaro de; Mahkamov, Khamid; Costa, Carolina; Kenisarin, Murat; Pili, Piero; Manca, Roberto; Leroux, Arthur; Mintsa, André Charles; Bartolini, Carlo M.; Pirro, Matteo; Lynn, Kevin; Mullen, David; Halimic, Elvedin; Cabeza, Luisa F.
El propósito de esta investigación es evaluar la influencia del tipo de cemento en sí mismo a altas temperaturas, desestimando el resto de componentes del hormigón. El presente estudio se centra en la comparación del tratamiento de dos tipos de cemento, a saber, cemento Portland (OPC) y cemento aluminoso (cemento de aluminato de calcio, CAC). Se determina las características físicas y resistencias mecánicas a compresión. A pesar de la resistencia a altas temperaturas del CAC y la baja relación agua/cemento (a/c) utilizada, este tipo de pasta de cemento requiere de un curado inminente. Si tal hidratación no se ejecuta en sus primeras edades, la pasta de CAC muestra un comportamiento similar a la pasta de OPC, desaprovechando tanto sus características refractarias como sus altas resistencias mecánicas iniciales.
Open Access
Estudio de competencias de Interacción Persona-Ordenador: hacia un perfil en el marco europeo
(Comité de Organización de la II JOrnada de Trabajo sobre Enseñanza de CHI (CHIJOTE’18). Universitat de Lleida, 2018) Gallardo Casero, Jesús; Lacuesta, Raquel; Cerezo, Eva; Baldassarri, Sandra
Los graduados en Ingeniería Informática deben haber adquirido las competencias necesarias para poder ejercer en numerosos campos dentro de la profesión, siendo uno de ellos el relacionado con la Interacción Persona-Ordenador. Por otra parte, actualmente el marco europeo de competencias digitales se está posicionando como referencia de cara a estandarizar las competencias TIC adquiridas o requeridas por los profesionales. A partir de ese marco, el Comité Europeo de Normalización ha definido una serie de perfiles profesionales estándar entre los cuales no se encuentra ningún perfil de profesional en Interacción Persona-Ordenador. Así, en este artículo se presenta un trabajo de estudio de las competencias deseables en un profesional de la Interacción Persona-Ordenador con el objetivo de definir un perfil para dichos profesionales a partir de la herramienta de creación de perfiles del marco europeo de competencias digitales.
Open Access
Estudio experimental sobre el impacto del factor de empaquetamiento en un almacenamiento de energía térmica a escala de prototipo con materiales de cambio de fase en forma tubular
(2022) Vérez, David; Borri, Emiliano; Ure, Zafer; Zsembinszki, Gabriel; Cabeza, Luisa F.
El almacenamiento de energía térmica (TES) es esencial para mejorar la penetración de las energías renovables. Entre todas las tecnologías de almacenamiento, el almacenamiento de energía térmica por calor latente (LTES) con el uso de materiales de cambio de fase ha ganado atención debido a su alta densidad energética. La macro-encapsulación es la técnica más común para incluir PCM en un depósito de almacenamiento. Sin embargo, el diseño del almacenamiento y la distribución del PCM macro-encapsulado tienen un gran impacto sobre la transferencia de calor y la capacidad de almacenamiento de energía. En este estudio se probó experimentalmente un depósito de PCM a escala piloto con una capacidad de almacenamiento de 13 kWh utilizando PCM macro-encapsulado con dos factores de empaquetamiento diferentes.
Open Access
Example of an Innovative Initiative for Education in Thermal Energy Storage: INPATH-TES Project
(International Solar Energy Society, 2017) Zsembinszki, Gabriel; Cabeza, Luisa F.
Following the EC SET-Plan Education and Training Roadmap, the goal of INPATH-TES is to create a network of academia, research institutes and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to implement a joint PhD programme on Thermal Energy Storage (TES) technologies. The project consortium consists of 22 partners from academia, industry and SMEs from 14 different countries. The final result of such a network is to educate professionals on these technologies for the European research and industry institutions. Some of the main challenges identified so far consist of the development of the programme, the implementation of the programme in each country/institution, and to ensure the continuity of the programme after EU funding ends.