Articles publicats (Química, Física i Ciències Ambientals i del Sòl)

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    Open Access
    Phase structure of charged AdS black holes surrounded by exotic fluid with modified Chaplygin equation of state
    (Springer, 2024) Sekhmani, Y.; Rayimbaev, J.; Luciano, Giuseppe Gaetano; Myrzakulov, R.; Gogoi, D. J.
    By considering the concept of the modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) as a single fluid model unifying dark energy and dark matter, we construct a static, spherically charged black hole (BH) solution in the framework of General Relativity. The P–V criticality of the charged anti-de Sitter (AdS) BH with a surrounding MCG is explored in the context of the extended phase space, where the negative cosmological constant operates as a thermodynamical pressure. This critical behavior shows that the small/large BH phase transition is analogous to the van der Waals liquid/gas phase transition. Accordingly, along the P–V phase spaces, we derive the BH equations of state and then numerically evaluate the corresponding critical quantities. Similarly, critical exponents are identified, along with outcomes demonstrating the scaling behavior of thermodynamic quantities near criticality to a universal class. The use of geometrothermodynamic (GT) tools finally offers a new perspective on the discovery of the critical phase transition point. At this stage, we apply a class of GT tools, such as Weinhold, Ruppeiner, HPEM, and Quevedo classes I and II. The findings are therefore non-trivial, as each GT class metric captures at least either the physical limitation point or the phase transition critical point. Overall, this paper provides a detailed study of the critical behavior of the charged AdS BH with surrounding MCG.
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    Open Access
    NIR-HSI as a tool to predict deoxynivalenoland fumonisins in maize kernels: a stepforward in preventing mycotoxincontamination
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Borràs-Vallverdú, Bernat; Marín Sillué, Sònia; Sanchís Almenar, Vicente; Gatius Cortiella, Ferran; Ramos Girona, Antonio J.
    Maize is frequently contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2). In the European Union, these mycotoxins are regulated in maize and maize-derived products. To comply with these regulations, industries require a fast, economic, safe, non-destructive and environmentally friendly analysis method. RESULTS: In the present study, near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) was used to develop regression and classification models for DON, FB1 and FB2 in maize kernels. The best regression models presented the following root mean square error of cross validation and ratio of performance to deviation values: 0.848 mg kg−1 and 2.344 (DON), 3.714 mg kg−1 and 2.018 (FB1) and 2.104 mg kg−1 and 2.301 (FB2). Regarding classification, European Union legal limits for DON and FB1 + FB2 were selected as thresholds to classify maize kernels as acceptable or not. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.778 and 1 for the best DON classification model and 0.607 and 0.938 for the best FB1 + FB2 classification model. CONCLUSION: NIR-HSI can help reduce DON and fumonisins contamination in the maize food and feed chain. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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    Open Access
    Evaluation of 2D hydrodynamic-based rainfall/runoff modelling for soil erosion assessment at a seasonal scale
    (Elsevier, 2024) Costabile, Pierfranco; Cea, Luis; Barbaro, Gabriele; Costanzo, Carmelina; Llena, Manel; Vericat Querol, Damià
    Badlands are often the source of a significant fraction of the sediment reaching the river network due to the exposure of the bare soil to the impact of rain drops and to the bed shear stress generated by the surface runoff. Hence, a correct understanding of the soil erosion and sediment transport processes inside badlands can help to a better characterisation of the suspended sediment production at the catchment scale. In this work we study the suitability of a two-dimensional (2D) physically-based event-scale erosion model as a tool to represent soil erosion and sediment transport in badlands at a seasonal scale. The model solves the 2D shallow water equations, including infiltration and rainfall, in order to compute the generation and routing of surface runoff within the badland. Coupled to the hydrodynamic equations, the model solves a 2D suspended sediment transport equation with source terms that account for rainfall- and runoff-driven erosion and sediment deposition. Based on this model, an overall procedure was developed and tested considering, as case study, a badland located in El Soto catchment (central Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula). For the analysed badland, several high-resolution topography surveys were available, which allowed for the estimation of the soil loss and the spatial distribution of erosion patterns for periods of 3–4 months over two years. These data sets were used to calibrate and validate the proposed modelling approach, and to analyse its capabilities and limitations for the assessment of soil erosion at the seasonal scale.
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    Open Access
    Factors affecting mobility/export of particle-bound stable elements after erosive rainfalls in agroforestry Mediterranean catchments of Aragón (Spain)
    (Elsevier, 2024) Ramos Martín, Ma. C. (Ma. Concepción); Lizaga, Iván; Gaspar, Leticia; Catalá, Arturo; Navas, Ana
    The composition of sediment fluxes caused by erosion can vary greatly both spatially and temporally, causing different impacts on water bodies. The erosion process is mainly driven by soil and rainfall characteristics as well as land use. The aim of this research is to evaluate the combined effect of these factors in a mountain agroforestry system, analysing the relationship of the sediment composition generated after flooding events with soil and rainfall characteristics and the impact of land use. The analyses were based on data recorded in three catchments with Mediterranean climate. The sediments were collected after 21 seasonal campaigns and their characteristics were assessed taking into account rainfall characteristics and the main land uses in each catchment. The results confirm the differences in soil particle mobilization after high and low intensity events and the higher impact of croplands compared to other dominant land uses. The amount of sediments trapped in the catchment with the largest area of cropland almost doubled sediment collected in the other catchments. Clay and soil organic carbon in the sediments were lower than in the original sources, likely due to the lower content in the soils more susceptible to erosion and the washing out of the finer material by runoff under high amount/intensity precipitation. Differences were observed between catchments and between rainfall events in the export of stable elements, with a general sediment enrichment in Al, Be, B, Cu, Mn, S, Sr and Zn, reaching the highest values for Be, Sr and Zn. The elemental enrichment differed according to rainfall characteristics thus Cu, Zn or Mn were higher after low intensity events, while other elements like Be were enriched after high intensity events. These variable patterns evidence the complex interplay of involved factors and the key role of elemental bounds to particle sizes and organic matter.
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    Open Access
    Retrieving the irrigation actually applied at district scale: assimilating high-resolution Sentinel-1-derived soil moisture data into a FAO-56-based model
    (Elsevier, 2024) Laluet, Pierre; Olivera-Guerra, Luis Enrique; Altés, Víctor; Paolini, Giovanni; Ouaadi, Nadia; Rivalland, Vincent; Jarlan, Lionel; Villar Mir, Josep Ma.; Merlin, Olivier
    Irrigation is the most water consuming activity in the world. Knowing the timing and amount of irrigation that is actually applied is therefore fundamental for water managers. However, this information is rarely available at all scales and is subject to large uncertainties due to the wide variety of existing agricultural practices and associated irrigation regimes (full irrigation, deficit irrigation, or over-irrigation). To fill this gap, we propose a two-step approach based on 15 m resolution Sentinel-1 (S1) surface soil moisture (SSM) data to retrieve the actual irrigation at the weekly scale over an entire irrigation district. In a first step, the S1-derived SSM is assimilated into a FAO-56-based crop water balance model (SAMIR) to retrieve for each crop type both the irrigation amount (Idose) and the soil moisture threshold (SMthreshold) at which irrigation is triggered. To do this, a particle filter method is implemented, with particles reset each month to provide time-varying SMthreshold and Idose. In a second step, the retrieved SMthreshold and Idose values are used as input to SAMIR to estimate the weekly irrigation and its uncertainty. The assimilation approach (SSM-ASSIM) is tested over the 8000 hectare Algerri-Balaguer irrigation district located in northeastern Spain, where in situ irrigation data integrating the whole district are available at the weekly scale during 2019. For evaluation, the performance of SSM-ASSIM is compared with that of the default FAO-56 irrigation module (called FAO56-DEF), which sets the SMthreshold to the critical soil moisture value and systematically fills the soil reservoir for each irrigation event. In 2019, with an observed annual irrigation of 687 mm, SSM-ASSIM (FAO56-DEF) shows a root mean square deviation between retrieved and in situ irrigation of 6.7 (8.8) mm week-1, a bias of +0.3 (−1.4) mm week-1, and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.88 (0.78). The SSM-ASSIM approach shows great potential for retrieving the weekly water use over extended areas for any irrigation regime, including over-irrigation.