Future of ammonium nitrate after Beirut (Lebanon) explosion

dc.contributor.authorShakoor, Awais
dc.contributor.authorMuhammad Shahzad, Sher
dc.contributor.authorFarooq, Taimoor Hassan
dc.contributor.authorAshraf, Fatima
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-08T07:48:09Z
dc.date.available2022-12-01T23:07:34Z
dc.date.issued2020-12-01
dc.date.updated2022-03-08T07:48:09Z
dc.description.abstractAmmonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is a chemical compound that is mostly found as a colorless and/or white to gray crystalline solid, odorless beads, and easily soluble in water. The molecular weight, specific gravity, melting, and boiling point of NH4NO3 are 80.06, 1.725, 169.51 °C, and 210 °C, respectively (Rao, 2014). Higher temperature (>210 °C) easily decomposes NH4NO3 and producing toxic gasses, especially nitrogen oxides, and may also cause an explosion (Han et al., 2015). At room temperature, pure NH4NO3 neither flammable or combustible, but when heated, normally, it is decomposed into non-explosive gases such as oxygen. Nevertheless, it can also be decomposed into explosive material by detonation (Xia et al., 2019). Ammonium nitrate is strongly oxidant that easily detonates under certain circumstances, which include higher temperature (>210 °C), confinement, and impurities (Health Safety Executive, 2004).
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to appreciate the valuable comments from the editors and anonymous reviewers to improve the quality of this study. The authors confirm that no funding was received for his work.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115615
dc.identifier.idgrec032090
dc.identifier.issn0269-7491
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/73213
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.isformatofVersió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115615
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Pollution, 2020, vol. 267, 115615
dc.rightscc-by-nc-nd (c) Elsevier , 2020
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.titleFuture of ammonium nitrate after Beirut (Lebanon) explosion
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
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