Dissolved concentrations and organic speciation of copper in the Amazon River estuary and mixing plume
| dc.contributor.author | Hollister, Adrienne Patricia | |
| dc.contributor.author | Whitby, Hannah | |
| dc.contributor.author | Seidel, Michael | |
| dc.contributor.author | Lodeiro, Pablo | |
| dc.contributor.author | Gledhill, Martha | |
| dc.contributor.author | Koschinsky, Andrea | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-03-07T11:55:12Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021-06-24 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2022-03-07T11:55:12Z | |
| dc.description.abstract | The Amazon is Earth's largest river by volume output, making it an important source of trace metals and dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the Atlantic Ocean. Despite major recent anthropogenic disruptions to the Amazon catchment area, data for trace metals such as copper (Cu) in the Amazon River estuary and associated mixing plume are still rare. Furthermore, there is currently no existing data in this region for Cu-binding ligands, which govern the amount of bioavailable Cu. To understand trace metal mixing and transport processes, the GEOTRACES process study GApr11 (cruise M147 with RV Meteor) was conducted in 2018 in the Amazon and Pará River estuaries and mixing plume in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean during high river discharge. Size-fractionated surface samples were collected along the full salinity gradient for concentrations of Cu, apparent Cu-binding organic ligands (LCu) and corresponding conditional stability constants (K′CuL, Cu2+cond), electroactive humic substances (eHS), solid phase extractable organic Cu (SPEsingle bondCu), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chlorophyll a (Chl a) and macronutrients. Dissolved (<0.2 μm) and soluble (<0.015 μm) Cu correlated negatively with salinity and largely followed values expected from conservative mixing. Cu was primarily in the soluble fraction, with the exception of a minor fraction of large colloidal Cu at low salinity (S ≤ 10). Organic ligands (log K′CuL, Cu2+cond = 12.6-15.6) were present in excess of Cu and likely played a role in solubilizing Cu and preventing Cu being affected by colloidal flocculation. Cu-associated DOM (measured as LCu, eHS and SPEsingle bondCu) correlated negatively with salinity and appeared to be primarily governed by river input and mixing with seawater. However, an increase in the colloidal fraction for LCu and eHS observed at S ~ 6-10 was attributed to possible additional autochthonous (phytoplankton) ligand production. In all dissolved samples, organic complexation kept free Cu below levels potentially toxic for phytoplankton (<1 pmol L−1). Despite increasing anthropogenic activity over the past century, we find Cu concentrations remained similar to the 1970s, suggesting that the large overall river flow may so far minimize the impact of Cu pollution. | |
| dc.description.sponsorship | We thank Rebecca Zitoun, Sophie Paul and Luise Heinrich for sample management in the clean container and in the ship's lab and the captain and crew of RV Meteor for their help and support during the cruise. We thank A. Mutzberg for the nutrient analysis, K. Nachtigall for HPLC analysis of chlorophyll a and T. Steffens and D. Jasinski for their assistance with ICP-MS analysis. Thank you also to Thorsten Dittmar (ICBM) and Melina Knoke (ICBM) for their support with DOM analysis. Thank you also to our Brazilian partners, specifically Carlos Rezende (UENF) and Fabiano Thompson (UFRJ), and to the Brazilian government (Ministério da Marinha) for the opportunity to sample in the Brazil exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Finally, thank you to two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on the manuscript. A.H. and P.L. were supported by Grant Nos. KO 2906/13-1 and GL 807/2-1, respectively, from the German Science Foundation DFG (Deutsche Forschungemeinschaft). P.L. is currently supported by a Beatriz Galindo Senior Fellowship (BG20/00104) from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain, and University of Lleida. DFG is also acknowledged for funding R/V Meteor cruise M147. H.W. was supported by the "Laboratoire d’Excellence" LabexMER (ANR-10-LABX-19). | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2021.104005 | |
| dc.identifier.idgrec | 031430 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 0304-4203 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/73201 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | |
| dc.publisher | Elsevier | |
| dc.relation.isformatof | Versió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2021.104005 | |
| dc.relation.ispartof | Marine Chemistry, 2021, vol. 234, num. 104005 | |
| dc.rights | cc-by-nc-nd (c) Elsevier, 2021 | |
| dc.rights.accessRights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject | Chemical speciation | |
| dc.subject | Dissolved organic carbon | |
| dc.subject | Stripping analysis | |
| dc.subject | Trace metals | |
| dc.title | Dissolved concentrations and organic speciation of copper in the Amazon River estuary and mixing plume | |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |