Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping (AGNES): An Electroanalytical Technique for Chemical Speciation: A Tutorial Review

Galceran i Nogués, Josep; Puy Llorens, Jaume; Companys Ferran, Encarnació; López Solis, Carmen Lucia

doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090351

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Issue date

2022

Author

Galceran i Nogués, Josep

Puy Llorens, Jaume

Companys Ferran, Encarnació

López Solis, Carmen Lucia

Suggested citation

Galceran i Nogués, Josep; Puy Llorens, Jaume; Companys Ferran, Encarnació; López Solis, Carmen Lucia; . (2022) . Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping (AGNES): An Electroanalytical Technique for Chemical Speciation: A Tutorial Review. Chemosensors, 2022, vol. 10, núm. 9, art. 351.. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090351.

Abstract

Free metal ion concentrations of amalgamating elements such as Zn, Cd, In, or Pb can be determined with absence of gradients and Nernstian equilibrium stripping(AGNES) in a variety of matrices, ranging from seawater to wine or dissolving nanoparticles. In this hands-on paper, we review the fundamental concepts and provide the practical steps to implement AGNES, including ready-to-run files for the software controlling the potentiostat, computation spreadsheets, step-bystep laboratory protocols, etc. Two case studies with a free Zn concentration determination are discussed: (i) a synthetic solution with the ligand oxalate and (ii) a natural sample of the Segre river (Catalonia, Spain). Suggestions for the extension of AGNES to other systems are indicated.

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/84373

DOI

https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090351

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Chemosensors, 2022, vol. 10, núm. 9, art. 351.

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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as cc-by (c) Carmen Lucia López Solis et. al., 2022. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.