A Contemporary Picture of Enterococcal Endocarditis
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Date
2020-02
Authors
Pericàs, Juan M.
Llopis Pérez, Jaime
Muñoz, Patricia
Gálvez Acebal, Juan
Kestler, Martha
Valerio, Maricela
Hernández Meneses, Marta
Goneaga, Miguel A.
Cobo Belaustegui, Manuel
Montejo, Miguel
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Abstract
Background
Enterococcal endocarditis (EE) is a growing entity in Western countries. However, quality data from large studies is lacking.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and analyze the prognostic factors of EE in the GAMES cohort.
Methods
This was a post hoc analysis of a prospectively collected cohort of patients from 35 Spanish centers from 2008 to 2016. Characteristics and outcomes of 516 cases of EE were compared with those of 3,308 cases of nonenterococcal endocarditis (NEE). Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed to investigate risk factors for in-hospital and 1-year mortality, as well as relapses.
Results
Patients with EE were significantly older; more frequently presented chronic lung disease, chronic heart failure, prior endocarditis, and degenerative valve disease; and had higher median age-adjusted Charlson score. EE more frequently involved the aortic valve and prosthesis (64.3% vs. 46.7%; p < 0.001; and 35.9% vs. 28.9%; p = 0.002, respectively) but less frequently pacemakers/defibrillators (1.5% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.001), and showed higher rates of acute heart failure (45% vs. 38.3%; p = 0.005). Cardiac surgery was less frequently performed in EE (40.7% vs. 45.9%; p = 0.024). No differences in in-hospital and 1-year mortality were found, whereas relapses were significantly higher in EE (3.5% vs. 1.7%; p = 0.035). Increasing Charlson score, LogEuroSCORE, acute heart failure, septic shock, and paravalvular complications were risk factors for mortality, whereas prior endocarditis was protective and persistent bacteremia constituted the sole risk factor for relapse.
Conclusions
Besides other baseline and clinical differences, EE more frequently affects prosthetic valves and less frequently pacemakers/defibrillators. EE presents higher rates of relapse than NEE.
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Journal or Serie
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2020, vol. 75, núm. 5, p. 482-494