Thermal and non-thermal processing of red-fleshed apple: how are (poly)phenol composition and bioavailability affected?
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Date
2020
Authors
Yuste, Silvia
Macià i Puig, Ma Alba
Motilva Casado, Mª José
Prieto Diez, Neus
Romero Fabregat, Mª Paz
Pedret, Anna
Solà, Rosa
Ludwig, Iziar A.
Rubió Piqué, Laura
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Abstract
The present study evaluated the impact of different thermal (infrared-drying, hot air-drying and purée pas-teurization) and non-thermal (freeze-drying) processing technologies on red-fleshed apple (poly)phenoliccompounds. We further investigated the processing effect on the (poly)phenol bioavailability in a crossoverpostprandial study where three subjects consumed three apple products (freeze-dried snack, hot air-driedsnack and pasteurized purée). (Poly)phenolic compounds present in the apple products and their biologicalmetabolites in urine were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). When comparing different processes, infrared-drying caused important losses in most of the apple(poly)phenolics, while hot air-drying and purée pasteurization maintained approximately 83% and 65% oftotal (poly)phenols compared with the freeze-dried snack, respectively. Anthocyanins in particular weredegraded to a higher extent, and hot air-dried apple and pasteurized purée maintained respectively 26%and 9% compared with freeze-dried apple snack. The acute intake showed that pasteurized purée exhibitedthe highest (poly)phenol bioavailability, followed by hot air-drying and freeze-dried snack, highlighting theimpact of processing on (poly)phenols absorption. In conclusion, for obtaining affordable new red-fleshedapple products with enhanced (poly)phenol bioavailability, purée pasteurization and hot air-drying representviable techniques. However, to obtain a red-fleshed apple snack with high anthocyanin content, freeze-drying is the technique that best preserves them.
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Food and Function, 2020, vol. 11, p. 10436-10447