Repurposed Analog of GLP-1 Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetic Mice Through Pancreatic Cell Reprogramming

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2020-05-13Author
Villalba, Adrian
Rodríguez Fernández, Silvia
Perna Barrull, David
Ampudia, Rosa Maria
Gómez Muñoz, Laia
Pujol Autonell, Irma
Aguilera, Eva
Coma, Mireia
Cano Sarabia, Antonia María
Vázquez, Federico
Vives Pi, Marta
Suggested citation
Villalba, Adrian;
Rodríguez Fernández, Silvia;
Perna Barrull, David;
Ampudia, Rosa Maria;
Gómez Muñoz, Laia;
Pujol Autonell, Irma;
...
Vives Pi, Marta.
(2020)
.
Repurposed Analog of GLP-1 Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetic Mice Through Pancreatic Cell Reprogramming.
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2020, vol. 11, num. 258, p. 1-14.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00258.
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Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. An ideal immunotherapy should combine the blockade of the autoimmune response with the recovery of functional target cell mass. With the aim to develop new therapies for type 1 diabetes that could contribute to β-cell mass restoration, a drug repositioning analysis based on systems biology was performed to identify the β-cell regenerative potential of commercially available compounds. Drug repositioning is a strategy used for identifying new uses for approved drugs that are outside the scope of the medical indication. A list of 28 non-synonymous repurposed drug candidates was obtained, and 16 were selected as diabetes mellitus type 1 treatment candidates regarding pancreatic β-cell regeneration. Drugs with poor safety profile were further filtered out. Lastly, we selected liraglutide for its predictive efficacy values for neogenesis, transdifferentiation of α-cells, and/or replication of pre-existing β-cells. Liraglutide is an analog of glucagon-like peptide-1, a drug used in patients with type 2 diabetes. Liraglutide was tested in immunodeficient NOD-Scid IL2rg−/− (NSG) mice with type 1 diabetes. Liraglutide significantly improved the blood glucose levels in diabetic NSG mice. During the treatment, a significant increase in β-cell mass was observed due to a boost in β-cell number. Both parameters were reduced after withdrawal. Interestingly, islet bihormonal glucagon+insulin+ cells and insulin+ ductal cells arose during treatment. In vitro experiments showed an increase of insulin and glucagon gene expression in islets cultured with liraglutide in normoglycemia conditions. These results point to β-cell replacement, including transdifferentiation and neogenesis, as aiding factors and support the role of liraglutide in β-cell mass restoration in type 1 diabetes. Understanding the mechanism of action of this drug could have potential clinical relevance in this autoimmune disease.
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Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2020, vol. 11, num. 258, p. 1-14European research projects
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