Spatio‐temporal patterns of tree growth as related to carbon isotope fractionation in European forests under changing climate

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2019Author
Saurer, Matthias
Berninger, Frank
Esper, Jan
Andreu-Hayles, Laia
Daux, Valérie
Helle, Gerhard
Leuenberger, Markus
Loader, Neil J.
Masson‐Delmotte, Valérie
Saracino, Antonio
Waterhouse, John S.
Schleser, Gerhard H.
Bednarz, Zdzisław
Boettger, Tatjana
Dorado-Liñán, Isabel
Filot, Marc
Frank, David
Grabner, Michael
Haupt, Marika
Hilasvuori, Emmi
Jungner, Högne
Kalela‐Brundin, Maarit
Krąpiec, Marek
Marah, Hamid
Pawełczyk, S.
Pazdur, Anna
Pierre, Monique
Planells, Octavi
Pukienė, R.
Reynolds-Henne, Christina E.
Rinne‐Garmston(Rinne), Katja T.
Rita, Angelo
Sonninen, Eloni
Stiévenard, Michel
Switsur, Vincent R.
Szychowska‐Krapiec, Elżbieta
Szymaszek, Malgorzata
Todaro, Luigi
Treydte, Kerstin
Vitas, Adomas
Weigl, Martin
Wimmer, Rupert
Gutiérrez, Emilia
Suggested citation
Shestakova, Tatiana A.;
Voltas Velasco, Jordi;
Saurer, Matthias;
Berninger, Frank;
Esper, Jan;
Andreu-Hayles, Laia;
...
Gutiérrez, Emilia.
(2019)
.
Spatio‐temporal patterns of tree growth as related to carbon isotope fractionation in European forests under changing climate.
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019, vol. 28, p. 1295-1309.
https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12933.
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Aim The aim was to decipher Europe‐wide spatio‐temporal patterns of forest growth dynamics and their associations with carbon isotope fractionation processes inferred from tree rings as modulated by climate warming. Location Europe and North Africa (30‒70° N, 10° W‒35° E). Time period 1901‒2003. Major taxa studied Temperate and Euro‐Siberian trees. Methods We characterize changes in the relationship between tree growth and carbon isotope fractionation over the 20th century using a European network consisting of 20 site chronologies. Using indexed tree‐ring widths (TRWi), we assess shifts in the temporal coherence of radial growth across sites (synchrony) for five forest ecosystems (Atlantic, boreal, cold continental, Mediterranean and temperate). We also examine whether TRWi shows variable coupling with leaf‐level gas exchange, inferred from indexed carbon isotope discrimination of tree‐ring cellulose (Δ13Ci). Results We find spatial autocorrelation for TRWi and Δ13Ci extending over a maximum of 1,000 km among forest stands. However, growth synchrony is not uniform across Europe, but increases along a latitudinal gradient concurrent with decreasing temperature and evapotranspiration. Latitudinal relationships between TRWi and Δ13Ci (changing from negative to positive southwards) point to drought impairing carbon uptake via stomatal regulation for water saving occurring at forests below 60° N in continental Europe. An increase in forest growth synchrony over the 20th century together with increasingly positive relationships between TRWi and Δ13Ci indicate intensifying impacts of drought on tree performance. These effects are noticeable in drought‐prone biomes (Mediterranean, temperate and cold continental). Main conclusions At the turn of this century, convergence in growth synchrony across European forest ecosystems is coupled with coordinated warming‐induced effects of drought on leaf physiology and tree growth spreading northwards. Such a tendency towards exacerbated moisture‐sensitive growth and physiology could override positive effects of enhanced leaf intercellular CO2 concentrations, possibly resulting in Europe‐wide declines of forest carbon gain in the coming decades.
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Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019, vol. 28, p. 1295-1309European research projects
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