Key Gaps in the Knowledge of the Porcine Respiratory Reproductive Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)

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2019Author
Portillo Obando, Hernando A. del
Montoya, María
Suggested citation
Montaner Tarbes, Sergio Roberto;
Portillo Obando, Hernando A. del;
Montoya, María;
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José;
.
(2019)
.
Key Gaps in the Knowledge of the Porcine Respiratory Reproductive Syndrome Virus (PRRSV).
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2019, vol. 6, article 38, 15 pp.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00038.
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Show full item recordAbstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most
important swine diseases in the world. It is causing an enormous economic burden due
to reproductive failure in sows and a complex respiratory syndrome in pigs of all ages,
with mortality varying from 2 to 100% in the most extreme cases of emergent highly
pathogenic strains. PRRSV displays complex interactions with the immune system and
a high mutation rate, making the development, and implementation of control strategies
a major challenge. In this review, the biology of the virus will be addressed focusing
on newly discovered functions of non-structural proteins and novel dissemination
mechanisms. Secondly, the role of different cell types and viral proteins will be reviewed
in natural and vaccine-induced immune response together with the role of different
immune evasion mechanisms focusing on those gaps of knowledge that are critical to
generate more efficacious vaccines. Finally, novel strategies for antigen discovery and
vaccine development will be discussed, in particular the use of exosomes (extracellular
vesicles of endocytic origin). As nanocarriers of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids,
exosomes have potential effects on cell activation, modulation of immune responses
and antigen presentation. Thus, representing a novel vaccination approach against this
devastating disease.
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Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2019, vol. 6, article 38, 15 ppEuropean research projects
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