Articles publicats (Psicologia, Sociologia i Treball Social)

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    Open Access
    Associations Between a General Factor and Group Factor from the SpanishLanguage Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Form's Neuroticism Scale and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory Domains and Facets
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2024-02-17) Weiss, Alexander; Luciano, Michelle; Aluja Fabregat, Antón
    Prior studies used exploratory bifactor analyses to examine the structure of the Neuroticism scale from the Short-scale Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised (EPQ–RS). These studies revealed a general factor and two group factors—Anxious-Tense and Worried-Vulnerable. These factors were related to poorer mental health, but their associations with physical health differed, as did their genetic and neurobiological underpinnings. A later study found that their associations with the Big Five Inventory-2 Short Form’s factors and facets differed. We reanalyzed data on 1,006 Spanish students who completed Spanish-language versions of the EPQ–RS and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI–R). Using confirmatory factor analysis, we showed that a model comprising the general factor and a group factor—Anxious-Tense—fit well. In later correlations, a joint factor analysis, and simultaneous multiple regressions, we showed that the EPQ-RS’s general factor and the group factor had different patterns of associations with the NEO PI–R domains and facets. These associations were consistent with the definition of the EPQ–RS Neuroticism scale’s general factor and that of the group factor. Further investigation into the EPQ–RS Neuroticism scale’s structure can improve our understanding of neuroticism’s relationship with health and other outcomes.
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    Embargo
    Re-exploring the relationships of Humor styles with Dark triad and Self-esteem using Structural equation modelling
    (Elsevier, 2024-02-23) Garcia, Luis F.; Cuevas, Lara; Escorial, Sergio; Balada, Ferran; García, Oscar; Aluja Fabregat, Antón
    Previous relationships between Dark Triad and Humor styles are theoretically difficult to interpret since Dark Triad traits present general and specific sources of variance. In the present study, we used structural equation modelling techniques to allow us to separate the two sources and detect which source of variance of Dark Triad plays the main role in the relationship observed with Humor styles. Similarly, it was tested if relationships among measures of Self-esteem and Humor styles are replicated at structural level. Moreover, the vast majority of previous studies have been conducted with university samples, which represents a limitation. Hence, a series of bi-factor models to test the relationship between Dark Triad and Humor styles and structural models for Self-esteem and Humor styles were fitted on a community sample of 987 Spanish people. Results suggest that the common variance of the Dark Triad traits was mainly responsible for the reported relationships with Humor styles. It is noteworthy that relations reported for Aggressive and Self-defeating humor styles were higher than those observed in previous studies. Similarly, a higher correlation between Self-esteem and Self-defeating was observed at the structural level. Futures studies are suggested to better establish the psychological reasons behind these relationshi
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    Open Access
    La selección de estudiantes de Medicina con competencias en humanidades: resultados de una prueba piloto
    (Elsevier, 2024) Roma, Josep; March Llanes, Jaume; Peguero, Eva; Segura, Bárbara; Castro, Antoni; Grupo de trabajo para el estudio del acceso al Grado de Medicina
    Las características de los alumnos que inician el Grado de Medicina en España están determinadas por el resultado de las pruebas de acceso (EBAU). Con el fin de seleccionar un perfil de alumno más alineado a las competencias que deberá adquirir para ejercer la profesión, las facultades de medicina de Cataluña, con los departamentos de salud y de universidades de la Generalitat, realizaron una prueba piloto, inspirada en los procesos de selección que se realizan en otros países de nuestro entorno. Objetivo elaborar una prueba para la detección de habilitades no técnicas en los alumnos que acceden al grado. Metodología la prueba consistía en responder 3 tipos de test, para medir la comunicación y relación con el entorno profesional (CREP), el juicio ético ante situaciones concretas (JUESC) y, por último, la capacidad de razonamiento crítico (CRAC). Fueron un total 134 preguntas de elección múltiple que previamente habían sido validadas por miembros de los equipos decanales. Contestaron la prueba 511 estudiantes de primer curso (49% del total) en septiembre del 2022. Resultados las medias y las desviaciones típicas de los 3 test fueron: CREP (7,18; 0,99), JUESC (4,68; 0,81), CRAC (5,43; 1,02), y el total de la prueba (5,67; 0,62). Las pruebas de fiabilidad (Cronbach) fueron: CREP (0,56), JUESC (0,54), CRAC (0,49), total (0,65). Conclusión una prueba que seleccione mejor a los estudiantes de Medicina con base en un perfil más acorde con valores humanísticos es perfectamente factible, aunque sobre la base de esta experiencia, se precisa mejorar el instrumento para hacerlo más confiable.
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    Open Access
    Transfer of learning factors model applied to in-service teachers of early childhood care and education in Puebla, Mexico
    (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2024) Villaseñor, Karla; Torrelles Nadal, Cristina; Silva-Ríos, Carlos; Quesada Pallares, Carla
    Research has shown that early childhood care and education (ECCE) can improve chil-dren’s development. Training of in-service teachers is a good strategy to maximize the quality of ECCE, but in Mexico, teachers consider that in-service training is not par-ticularly relevant. To counter this tendency, The Mexican Educational System designed and implemented an in-service training policy. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of individual factors on learning transfer during the COVID-19 pandemic. It followed a longitudinal, non-experimental design. Two instruments were applied at different times. In May 2021, during the COVID-19 lockdown, the Puebla Ministry of Education offered five online courses aimed at early childhood and preschool teach-ers. 6,562 teachers enrolled, but only 2,865 successfully completed the courses. Upon completion of the courses, we applied the transfer of learning factors model (Quesada-Pallarès et al., 2018). The model predicted that teachers devise plans and strategies for applying the contents learned, guided by their own desire to transfer. In this regard, it might be asserted that the will to transfer is steered by teachers’ autonomous drive to transfer.
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    Open Access
    Combining mindfulness and cognitive training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: study protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial (the NeuroMind study)
    (Frontiers Media, 2024) Badia-Aguarón, Tania; Royuela-Colomer, Estíbaliz; Pera Guardiola, Vanessa; Vergés-Balasch, Pere; Cebolla, Ausiàs; Luciano, Juan V.; Soler, Joaquim; Feliu Soler, Albert; Huguet Miguel, Anna
    Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has a global mean prevalence of 5%. Cognitive Training (CT) and Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have shown promising results in managing ADHD symptoms, but they are not its Treatment-As-Usual (TAU). The NeuroMind Study aims to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness and feasibility of three interventions: Mindfulness for Health (M4H), CT using the NeuronUP® platform (CT), and a combination of both, Mindfulness Cognitive Training (MCT). There is empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of the M4H and NeuronUP® platform; however, this study explores for the first time the effectiveness of MCT and CT, as well as the integration of M4H into TAU. The objectives of this 5-month Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) are: (1) To analyze the preliminary effectiveness and feasibility of M4H, CT or a combination of both (MCT) added to TAU for children with ADHD; (2) To evaluate the role of psychological process variables (mindfulness and emotional regulation) as mediators of 5-month follow-up clinical outcomes; (3) To preliminarily explore whether specific sociodemographic and clinical characteristics can predict the short-and medium-term clinical response to the specific treatments. Methods and analysis: Participants will be 120 children (7 to 12 years) with ADHD recruited at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) Sant Joan de Déu Terres de Lleida (Spain) randomly allocated to one of the four study arms: TAU vs. TAU + CT vs. TAU + M4H vs. TAU + MCT. An assessment to collect ADHD symptoms, Executive Functions (EF), comorbid symptoms and global functioning will be conducted pre-intervention, post-intervention (2 months after baseline) and at the 5-month follow-up. Linear mixed models and mediational models will be computed. Discussion: If the preliminary effectiveness and feasibility of the MCT are demonstrated, this study could be a preliminary basis to do a full RCT with a larger sample to definitively validate the intervention. The MCT could be applied in clinical practice if it is definitively validated.