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Non-purged voltammetry explored with AGNES

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Issue date
2013
Author
Aguilar Camaño, David
Galceran i Nogués, Josep
Companys Ferran, Encarnació
Puy Llorens, Jaume
Parat, C.
Authier, L.
Potin-Gautier, M.
Suggested citation
Aguilar Camaño, David; Galceran i Nogués, Josep; Companys Ferran, Encarnació; Puy Llorens, Jaume; Parat, C.; Authier, L.; Potin-Gautier, M.; . (2013) . Non-purged voltammetry explored with AGNES. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2013, vol. 15, núm. 40, p. 17510-17521. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp52836g.
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Abstract
The reduction of oxygen increases pH in the surroundings of an electrode. A theoretical model estimates the steady-state pH profile from the surface of the electrode up to the bulk solution. A very simple formula predicts that, in non-deareated solutions, for bulk pH-values between 4.0 and 10.0, the corresponding surface pH could be as high as 10.3, regardless of the thickness of the diffusion layer and composition of the sample (except if it has a buffering capacity). For bulk pH lower than 3.0 or higher than 10, pH increases are negligible. Less steep pH-profiles are obtained with buffers (such as MOPS 0.01 M or MES 0.01 M). The change in surface pH modifies the local speciation and hinders the standard interpretation of voltammetric responses. The electroanalytical technique Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping (AGNES), implemented with Screen Printed Electrodes (SPE), provides experimental insights into this phenomenon. AGNES probes the free metal concentration at the electrode surface, from which the surface pH can be estimated for systems of known composition. These estimations agree with the theoretical model for the assayed systems. Additionally, the quantification of the bulk free Zn2+ and Cd2+ concentrations with specific modifications of AGNES for non-purged synthetic solutions is discussed. In general, more accurate determinations of the bulk free metal concentrations in non-purged solutions are expected: i) when the calibration is performed in a medium where the pH increase induces similar changes in the surface free metal concentration and in the sample solution and ii) when the system is more buffered.
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/65167
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp52836g
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2013, vol. 15, núm. 40, p. 17510-17521
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  • Articles publicats (Agrotecnio Center) [954]
  • Articles publicats (Química) [247]

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  • Free Zn2+ determination in natural freshwater of the Pyrenees: towards on-site measurements with AGNES 

    Parat, C.; Authier, L.; Castetbon,A.; Aguilar Camaño, David; Companys Ferran, Encarnació; Puy Llorens, Jaume; Galceran i Nogués, Josep; Potin-Gautier, M. (CSIRO Publishing, 2015)
    An on-site methodology has been developed for the direct determination of free Zn2+ with AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) in freshwaters. This implementation includes: i) the use of screen ...
  • Determination of free metal ion concentrations with AGNES in low ionic strength media 

    Aguilar Camaño, David; Parat, C.; Galceran i Nogués, Josep; Companys Ferran, Encarnació; Puy Llorens, Jaume; Authier, L.; Potin-Gautier, M. (Elsevier, 2013-01-15)
    The determination of free metal ion concentrations of heavy metals, like Zn2+ or Cd2+, with AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) requires an adequate selection of parameters such as deposition ...
  • Determination of free metal ion concentrations using screen-printed electrodes and AGNES with the charge as response function 

    Parat, C.; Aguilar Camaño, David; Authier, L.; Potin-Gautier, M.; Companys Ferran, Encarnació; Puy Llorens, Jaume; Galceran i Nogués, Josep (Wiley, 2011)
    AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) has been implemented with screen-printed electrodes (SPE) for the determination of the free concentration of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+. For SPE, the stripped charge ...

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