The chronic toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnCl2 to Daphnia magna and the use of different methods to assess nanoparticle aggregation and dissolution.

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2014-11
Author
Adam, Nathalie
Schmitt, Claudia
Galceran i Nogués, Josep
Companys Ferran, Encarnació
Vakourov, Alex
Wallace, Rachel
Knapen, Dries
Blust, Ronny
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Abstract
In this study, the effect of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnCl2 on growth, reproduction and accumulation of Daphnia magna was determined in a 21 day chronic toxicity test. Different techniques were used to distinguish between the Zn2+, dissolved, nanoparticle and aggregated fraction in the daphnia test medium.
The results showed similar chronic effects on growth, reproduction and accumulation for the ZnO nanoparticles (EC10, 20, 50 reproduction: 0.029, 0.048, 0.113 mg Zn/l) and the ZnCl2 (EC10, 20, 50 reproduction: 0.014, 0.027, 0.082 mg Zn/l). A large fraction of the nanoparticles rapidly dissolved after introduction in the exposure medium. However, also aggregation of nanoparticles was observed but after 48 hours of exposure most of these ZnO aggregates were dissolved. Based on the combined dissolution kinetics and toxicity results it can be concluded that the toxicological effects of ZnO nanoparticles at the chronic level can be largely attributed to the dissolved fraction rather than the initially formed aggregates.
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/65152
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2013.822594
Is part of
Nanotoxicology, 2014, vol. 8, num. 7, p. 709-717
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