in mycotoxigenic potential among species and isolates. Besides mycotoxin biosynthesis pathways and factors influencing them are still poorly understood. Baranyi and Luedeking-Piret models have been recently used as primary models for mycotoxin prediction, while for secondary modeling, polynomial approaches have been used. Furthermore, probability models can be a different alternative. In any case, media for data generation, intraspecies variability, and microbial interactions should not be disregarded before model application in food safety management systems.