Analysis of porcine adipose tissue transcriptome reveals differences in de novo fatty acid synthesis in pigs with divergent muscle fatty acid composition

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Corominas, Jordi
Ramayo Caldas, Yuliaxis
Puig Oliveras, Anna
Estellé, Jordi
Castelló, Anna
Alves, Estefania
Ballester, Maria
Folch Albareda, Josep Maria
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Corominas, Jordi;
Ramayo Caldas, Yuliaxis;
Puig Oliveras, Anna;
Estellé, Jordi;
Castelló, Anna;
Alves, Estefania;
...
Folch Albareda, Josep Maria.
(2013)
.
Analysis of porcine adipose tissue transcriptome reveals differences in de novo fatty acid synthesis in pigs with divergent muscle fatty acid composition.
BioMed Central Genomics, 2013, vol. 14, núm. 843, p. 1-14.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-843.
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Background: In pigs, adipose tissue is one of the principal organs involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism.
It is particularly involved in the overall fatty acid synthesis with consequences in other lipid-target organs such as
muscles and the liver. With this in mind, we have used massive, parallel high-throughput sequencing technologies
to characterize the porcine adipose tissue transcriptome architecture in six Iberian x Landrace crossbred pigs
showing extreme phenotypes for intramuscular fatty acid composition (three per group).
Results: High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to generate a whole characterization of adipose tissue
(backfat) transcriptome. A total of 4,130 putative unannotated protein-coding sequences were identified in the 20%
of reads which mapped in intergenic regions. Furthermore, 36% of the unmapped reads were represented by
interspersed repeats, SINEs being the most abundant elements. Differential expression analyses identified 396
candidate genes among divergent animals for intramuscular fatty acid composition. Sixty-two percent of these
genes (247/396) presented higher expression in the group of pigs with higher content of intramuscular SFA and
MUFA, while the remaining 149 showed higher expression in the group with higher content of PUFA. Pathway
analysis related these genes to biological functions and canonical pathways controlling lipid and fatty acid
metabolisms. In concordance with the phenotypic classification of animals, the major metabolic pathway
differentially modulated between groups was de novo lipogenesis, the group with more PUFA being the one that
showed lower expression of lipogenic genes.
Conclusions: These results will help in the identification of genetic variants at loci that affect fatty acid composition
traits. The implications of these results range from the improvement of porcine meat quality traits to the
application of the pig as an animal model of human metabolic diseases.
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