Articles publicats (Grup de Recerca en Fisiopatologia Metabòlica)

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    Open Access
    Enhancing Night and Day Circadian Contrast through Sleep Education in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    (MDPI, 2022) García Serrano, Cristina; Pujol Salud, Jesús; Aran Solé, Lidia; Sol, Joaquim; Ortiz Congost, Sònia; Artigues i Barberà, Eva María; Ortega Bravo, Marta
    Background: Evidence supports a causal relationship between circadian disturbance and impaired glucose homeostasis. Methods: To determine the effect of an educational intervention delivered by primary care nurses to improve sleep hygiene, a parallel, open-label clinical trial in subjects aged 18 and older with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was performed. Study variables were sex, age, fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sleep duration and efficiency, body mass index, antidiabetic treatment, diet and physical exercise. An individual informative educational intervention was carried out following a bidirectional feedback method. The intervention aimed to develop skills to improve sleep through nine simple tips. An analysis of covariance was performed on all the mean centred outcome variables controlling for the respective baseline scores. Results: In the intervention group, PSQI dropped, the duration and quality of sleep increased, and a decrease in fasting glucose and in HbA1c levels was observed. Conclusion: The proposed intervention is effective for improving sleep quality, length and efficiency, and for decreasing fasting glucose and HbA1c levels in only 3 months. These findings support the importance of sleep and circadian rhythm education focused on improving IFG and T2DM.
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    Open Access
    Subjects with detectable Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the gut microbiota show deficits in attention and executive function
    (Wiley, 2021) Arnoriaga Rodríguez, María; Mayneris Perxachs, Jordi; Coll, Claudia; Pérez Brocal, Vicente; Ricart, Wifredo; Moya, Andrés; Ramió Torrentà, Lluís; Pamplona Gras, Reinald; Jové Font, Mariona; Portero Otín, Manuel; Fernandez-Real, Jose Manuel
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    Open Access
    Obesity-associated deficits in inhibitory control are phenocopied to mice through gut microbiota changes in one-carbon and aromatic amino acids metabolic pathways
    (BMJ Publishing Group, 2021-01) Arnoriaga Rodríguez, María; Mayneris Perxachs, Jordi; Contreras-Rodríguez, Oren; Burokas, Aurelijus; Ortega Sánchez, Juan Antonio; Blasco Solà, Gerard; Coll, Claudia; Biarnés, Carles; Castells Nobau, Anna; Puig, Josep; Garre Olmo, Josep; Ramos, Rafel; Pedraza, Salvador; Brugada, Ramon; Vilanova, Joan Carles; Serena, Joaquín; Barretina Ginesta, Jordi; Gich Fullà, Jordi; Pérez Brocal, Vicente; Moya, Andrés; Fernández Real, Xavier; Ramió Torrentà, Lluís; Pamplona Gras, Reinald; Sol, Joaquim; Jové Font, Mariona; Ricart, Wifredo; Portero Otín, Manuel; Maldonado, Rafael; Fernández Real, José Manuel
    Background Inhibitory control (IC) is critical to keep long-term goals in everyday life. Bidirectional relationships between IC deficits and obesity are behind unhealthy eating and physical exercise habits. Methods We studied gut microbiome composition and functionality, and plasma and faecal metabolomics in association with cognitive tests evaluating inhibitory control (Stroop test) and brain structure in a discovery (n=156), both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and in an independent replication cohort (n=970). Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in mice evaluated the impact on reversal learning and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) transcriptomics. Results An interplay among IC, brain structure (in humans) and mPFC transcriptomics (in mice), plasma/faecal metabolomics and the gut metagenome was found. Obesity-dependent alterations in one-carbon metabolism, tryptophan and histidine pathways were associated with IC in the two independent cohorts. Bacterial functions linked to one-carbon metabolism (thyX,dut, exodeoxyribonuclease V), and the anterior cingulate cortex volume were associated with IC, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. FMT from individuals with obesity led to alterations in mice reversal learning. In an independent FMT experiment, human donor’s bacterial functions related to IC deficits were associated with mPFC expression of one-carbon metabolism-related genes of recipient’s mice. Conclusion These results highlight the importance of targeting obesity-related impulsive behaviour through the induction of gut microbiota shifts.
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    Open Access
    Sixty years old is the breakpoint of human frontal cortex aging
    (Elsevier, 2017) Cabré Cucó, Rosanna; Naudí i Farré, Alba; Dominguez Gonzalez, Mayelin; Ayala Jové, Ma. Victoria (Maria Victoria); Jové Font, Mariona; Mota Martorell, Natàlia; Piñol Ripoll, Gerard; Gil Villar, M. Pilar; Rué i Monné, Montserrat; Portero Otín, Manuel; Ferrer, Isidre; Pamplona Gras, Reinald
    Human brain aging is the physiological process which underlies as cause of cognitive decline in the elderly and the main risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Human neurons are functional throughout a healthy adult lifespan, yet the mechanisms that maintain function and protect against neurodegenerative processes during aging are unknown. Here we show that protein oxidative and glycoxidative damage significantly increases during human brain aging, with a breakpoint at 60 years old. This trajectory is coincident with a decrease in the content of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I–IV. We suggest that the deterioration in oxidative stress homeostasis during aging induces an adaptive response of stress resistance mechanisms based on the sustained expression of REST, and increased or decreased expression of Akt and mTOR, respectively, over the adult lifespan in order to preserve cell neural survival and function.
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    Open Access
    Estudio de intervención aleatorizado para evaluar la prevalencia de enfermedad ateromatosa y renal ocultas y su impacto en la morbimortalidad: Proyecto ILERVA
    (Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 2016) Betriu i Bars, M. Àngels; Farràs-Sallés, Cristina; Abajo, María; Martínez Alonso, Montserrat; Arroyo, David; Barbé Illa, Ferran; Buti, Miquel; Lecube Torelló, Albert; Portero Otín, Manuel; Purroy Garcia, Francisco; Torres, Gerard; Valdivielso Revilla, José Manuel; Fernández i Giráldez, Elvira
    Antecedentes y objetivos: La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y la ateromatosis son 2 enfermedades interrelacionadas que aumentan el riesgo de morbimortalidad cardiovascular. Los objetivos del proyecto ILERVAS son: 1) conocer la prevalencia de enfermedad ateromatosa subclínica y de enfermedad renal oculta; 2) valorar el impacto de su diagnóstico precoz sobre la morbimortalidad cardiovascular y la progresión de la ERC; 3) disponer de una plataforma de datos y muestras biológicas. Métodos: Estudio de intervención aleatorizado. Entre 2015 y 2017 se incluirá a 19.800 personas (9.900 en el grupo de intervención y 9.900 en el grupo control) entre 45 y 70 años, sin antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular y que presenten al menos un factor de riesgo cardiovascular, seleccionadas aleatoriamente de los centros de atención primaria (AP) de la provincia de Lérida. Un equipo técnico experto se desplazará con una unidad móvil para realizar las exploraciones basales al grupo de intervención: ecografía arterial (carótida, femoral,transcraneal y aorta abdominal), medición del índice tobillo-brazo, espirometría, detección de los productos de glicación avanzada y analítica seca de sangre y orina. Adicionalmente, se recogerán muestras de sangre y orina que serán almacenadas en el biobanco para identificar nuevos biomarcadores con biología de sistemas. Los participantes serán seguidos hasta 2025 para la identificación de eventos cardiovasculares, cambios de tratamiento y modificación de estilos de vida. Conclusiones: El proyecto ILERVAS permitirá conocer la prevalencia de enfermedad vascular y de enfermedad renal subclínicas, evaluar si su diagnóstico precoz tiene un beneficio en la salud e investigar factores de riesgo emergentes.