verrucosumwere found in 40%, 2% and 26% of samples, respectively. A total of 204 fungal isolates were obtained; 70.8% ofA. flavusisolates were able to produce aflatoxin B1and B2, whereas OTA production capacity was detectedin 54.4% of theA. sectionNigribiseriate isolates. Aflatoxins were detected in five samples (10% of total),all exceeding the maximum legal limit set for aflatoxin B1(2mgkg1) or for total aflatoxins (4mgkg1), with onesample having a very high level of contamination (1134.5mgkg1). Only one sample of pistachio showed OTAcontamination at 0.67mgkg1. Simultaneous contamination by aflatoxins and OTA was not observed in thesesamples. It was concluded that the frequency of aflatoxins and OTA contamination in pistachio samples availablein the Spanish market is relatively low. Thus, no significant contribution to health risk should be expected fromaflatoxin consumption through pistachios among healthy consumers. However, the existence of single sampleswith an extremely high aflatoxin concentration reinforces the need for effective prevention strategies in pistachioprocessing and commercialization.