Articles publicats (Tecnologia, Enginyeria i Ciència dels Aliments)
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- ItemOpen AccessThe survival of Salmonella enterica strains in ready-to-eat fruit purees under different storage temperatures(MDPI, 2024) Bainotti, Maria Belén; Colás Medà, Pilar; Viñas Almenar, Inmaculada; Garza Garza, Salvador; Alegre Vilas, IsabelSalmonella enterica, known for its resilience to acidic environments, has been linked to foodborne outbreaks of illness from fruit derivatives. This study aimed to assess the survival of five serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in various fruit purees subjected to different storage temperatures. Among the studied serovars, S. enteritidis exhibited the most significant population decrease in all fruit purees. In contrast, S. Agona, S. Gaminara, S. Michigan, and S. Montevideo survived in peach puree at 4 °C for at least 3 days, and S. Agona, S. Gaminara, and S. Montevideo maintained their initial levels in pear puree under the same time/temperature conditions. However, none of the strains were detectable in plum and black currant purees after 2 days at 4, 15, or 25 °C. These findings highlight variations in the behaviour of S. enterica serovars within different fruit purees. Likewise, low-temperature conditions prolonged the survival of the tested strains in all fruit purees analysed.
- ItemOpen AccessNIR-HSI as a tool to predict deoxynivalenoland fumonisins in maize kernels: a stepforward in preventing mycotoxincontamination(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Borràs-Vallverdú, Bernat; Marín Sillué, Sònia; Sanchís Almenar, Vicente; Gatius Cortiella, Ferran; Ramos Girona, Antonio J.Maize is frequently contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2). In the European Union, these mycotoxins are regulated in maize and maize-derived products. To comply with these regulations, industries require a fast, economic, safe, non-destructive and environmentally friendly analysis method. RESULTS: In the present study, near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) was used to develop regression and classification models for DON, FB1 and FB2 in maize kernels. The best regression models presented the following root mean square error of cross validation and ratio of performance to deviation values: 0.848 mg kg−1 and 2.344 (DON), 3.714 mg kg−1 and 2.018 (FB1) and 2.104 mg kg−1 and 2.301 (FB2). Regarding classification, European Union legal limits for DON and FB1 + FB2 were selected as thresholds to classify maize kernels as acceptable or not. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.778 and 1 for the best DON classification model and 0.607 and 0.938 for the best FB1 + FB2 classification model. CONCLUSION: NIR-HSI can help reduce DON and fumonisins contamination in the maize food and feed chain. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
- ItemOpen AccessUltrasonication and enzymatic treatment of apple and orange bagasses: Molecular characterization of released oligosaccharides and modification of techno-functional and health-related properties(Elsevier, 2024) Manthei, Alina; Elez Martínez, Pedro; Soliva-Fortuny, Robert; Murciano-Martínez, PatriciaApple and orange bagasse were subjected to ultrasonication (US) and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) with a cellulase-pectinase mixture. US did not affect oligosaccharide profile and water and oil holding capacities (WHC/OHC) in both substrates but enhanced bile acid adsorption capacity (BAC) and total phenolic content (TPC) in orange bagasse. EH increased glucose/xylose and xylobiose (XOS-2) contents and caused the release of cellobiose (COS-2) and pectin derived oligosaccharides (POS), mainly methylated oligogalacturonides with degree of polymerization (DP) 3–4. Hydrolyzed orange bagasse exhibited higher total POS content (31.56 g/100 g bagasse) than apple bagasse (21.13 g/100 g bagasse), but apple bagasse showed higher diversity in methylated and acetylated POS. After combined treatment, POS quantities in apple bagasse were enhanced whereas in orange bagasse COS-2 and POS-2 formation significantly increased, making physical opening before enzymatic degradation an effective strategy for maximizing oligosaccharide concentrations. EH decreased techno-functional properties and TPC but led to a 24.9 % increase of BAC in apple bagasse and a 7.8 % increase in orange bagasse, highlighting that the efficacy of US and EH depends on the applied DF substrate. This study offers guidance for selecting modification technologies for fruit by-products to obtain ingredients with elevated oligosaccharide content, improved techno-functional and health-related properties.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessing human exposure to pesticides and mycotoxins: optimization and validation of a method for multianalyte determination in urine samples(Springer Science and Business Media, 2024) Marín-Sáez, Jesús; Hernández-Mesa, Maykel; Ramos Girona, Antonio J.; Gámiz-Gracia, Laura; García-Campaña, Ana M.Humans are exposed to an increasing number of contaminants, with diet being one of the most important exposure routes. In this framework, human biomonitoring is considered the gold standard for evaluating human exposure to chemicals. Pesticides and mycotoxins are chemicals of special concern due to their health implications. They constitute the predominant border rejection notifications for food and feed in Europe and the USA. However, current biomonitoring studies are focused on a limited number of compounds and do not evaluate mycotoxins and pesticides together. In this study, an analytical method has been developed for the determination of 30 pesticides and 23 mycotoxins of concern in urine samples. A salting-out liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) procedure was optimized achieving recoveries between 70 and 120% for almost all the compounds and limits as lower as when QuEChERS was applied. The compounds were then determined by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Different chromatographic conditions and analytical columns were tested, selecting a Hypersild gold aQ column as the best option. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of 45 urine samples, in which organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides (detection rates (DR) of 82% and 42%, respectively) and ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol (DR of 51% and 33%, respectively) were the most detected compounds. The proposed analytical method involves the simultaneous determination of a diverse set of pesticides and mycotoxins, including their most relevant metabolites, in human urine. It serves as an essential tool for biomonitoring the presence of highly prevalent contaminants in modern society. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)
- ItemOpen AccessStudy of the microstructure-property-processing relationship in five potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties during the frying process based on an automatic classification system using convolutional neural networks(Odesa National University of Technology, 2023-12) Oblitas Cruz, Jimy Frank; Castro, Wilson; Torres-Carranza, Eduardo; Ibarz Ribas, AlbertoOur objective was to identify and analyze the microstructural features of five different Peruvian potato varieties in fresh material and a frying process, using a 32-factorial arrangement of temperature and time. Two types of characteristics were measured. The first ones were of microstructural type (i.e., area, perimeter, length of major axis, length of minor axis, roundness, elongation, and compactness) and the second ones were of physicochemical type (i.e., L*, a*, b*, ΔE, acrylamide concentration, fat percentage, moisture percentage, and texture). For this purpose, potato microstructural characterization software was implemented, developing algorithms for image processing and analysis, as well as the classification of structural characteristics. Potato variety was found to exert a significant effect on the microstructural parameters of area, perimeter, major axis length, minor axis length, roundness, and compactness, followed by time, with a significant effect on the microstructural parameters of area, perimeter, major axis length, minor axis length, and compactness. Temperature exerts a significant effect only on roundness and elongation parameters. To observe the relationship between the microstructural and physicochemical parameters, a Pearson correlation was used where it was observed that the correlations between the physicochemical and microstructural variables evaluated were medium to strong.