Articles publicats (Tecnologia, Enginyeria i Ciència dels Aliments)
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- ItemOpen AccessEmulsion-based delivery systems to enhance the functionality of bioactive compounds: towards the use of ingredients from natural, sustainable sources(MPDI, 2023) Teixé-Roig, Júlia; Oms Oliu, Gemma; Odriozola Serrano, Isabel; Martín Belloso, Olgan recent years, the trend in the population towards consuming more natural and sustainable foods has increased significantly. This claim has led to the search for new sources of bioactive compounds and extraction methods that have less impact on the environment. Moreover, the formulation of systems to protect these compounds is also focusing on the use of ingredients of natural origin. This article reviews novel, natural alternative sources of bioactive compounds with a positive impact on sustainability. In addition, it also contains information on the most recent studies based on the use of natural (especially from plants) emulsifiers in the design of emulsion-based delivery systems to protect bioactive compounds. The properties of these natural-based emulsion-delivery systems, as well as their functionality, including in vitro and in vivo studies, are also discussed. This review provides relevant information on the latest advances in the development of emulsion delivery systems based on ingredients from sustainable natural sources.
- ItemOpen AccessFruit cuticle composition in 'Arbequina' Olive: time-course changes along on-tree ripening under irrigated and rain-fed conditions(MDPI, 2023) Diarte Cabezuelo, Clara; Iglesias, Anna; Graell i Sarle, Jordi; Lara Ayala, IsabelOlive (Olea europaea L.) fruit and derived products play a pivotal role in the Mediterranean diet, to which they contribute their gastronomic value and their health-promoting properties. The fruit cuticle constitutes the interface between the plant and the surrounding environment, and it modulates relevant traits such as water loss, mechanical resistance, and susceptibility to pests and rots. Hence, a better knowledge of fruit cuticle properties and the impact thereupon of agronomic factors could help improving olive grove management. In this work, time-course changes in fruit cuticle yields and composition were assessed during the on-tree ripening of 'Arbequina' olives obtained from irrigated or rain-fed trees grown at a commercial grove located in El Soleras (Catalonia, Spain), where low annual rainfall occur together with cold winters and hot dry summers. Significantly higher wax contents were observed for rain-fed than for irrigated fruits, both in relative (% over total cuticle) and in absolute terms (from 231 to 840 mu g cm(-2) and from 212 to 560 mu g cm(-2), respectively, contingent upon the maturity stage), in agreement with their proposed role as a barrier against water loss. Compositional differences in cuticular waxes and in cutin monomers were also detected between irrigated and rain-fed olives, with major changes involving significantly higher loads per surface area of triterpenoids and omega-hydroxy fatty acids in the latter. In contrast to the load and composition of cuticular wax, no apparent impact of irrigation was observed on either total cuticle yields or cuticle thickness.
- ItemOpen AccessFruit cuticle composition in ‘Arbequina’ olive: time–course changes along on-tree ripening under irrigated and rain-fed conditions(MDPI, 2023) Diarte Cabezuelo, Clara; Iglesias, Anna; Graell i Sarle, Jordi; Lara Ayala, IsabelOlive (Olea europaea L.) fruit and derived products play a pivotal role in the Mediterranean diet, to which they contribute their gastronomic value and their health-promoting properties. The fruit cuticle constitutes the interface between the plant and the surrounding environment, and it modulates relevant traits such as water loss, mechanical resistance, and susceptibility to pests and rots. Hence, a better knowledge of fruit cuticle properties and the impact thereupon of agronomic factors could help improving olive grove management. In this work, time–course changes in fruit cuticle yields and composition were assessed during the on-tree ripening of ‘Arbequina’ olives obtained from irrigated or rain-fed trees grown at a commercial grove located in El Soleràs (Catalonia, Spain), where low annual rainfall occur together with cold winters and hot dry summers. Significantly higher wax contents were observed for rain-fed than for irrigated fruits, both in relative (% over total cuticle) and in absolute terms (from 231 to 840 µg cm−2 and from 212 to 560 µg cm−2, respectively, contingent upon the maturity stage), in agreement with their proposed role as a barrier against water loss. Compositional differences in cuticular waxes and in cutin monomers were also detected between irrigated and rain-fed olives, with major changes involving significantly higher loads per surface area of triterpenoids and ω-hydroxy fatty acids in the latter. In contrast to the load and composition of cuticular wax, no apparent impact of irrigation was observed on either total cuticle yields or cuticle thickness.
- ItemOpen AccessQuantification and classification of deoxynivalenol-contaminated oat samples by near-infrared hyperspectral imaging(Elsevier, 2023) Teixido Orries, Irene; Molino Gahete, Francisco; Femenias, Antoni; Ramos Girona, Antonio J.; Marín Sillué, SòniaDeoxynivalenol (DON) is the most occurring mycotoxin in oat and oat-based products. Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) has been proposed as a promising methodology for analysing DON contamination in the food industry. The present study aims to apply NIR-HSI for DON detection in oat kernels and to quantify and classify naturally DON-contaminated oat samples. Unground and ground oat samples were scanned by NIR-HSI before their DON content was determined by HPLC. The data were pre-treated and analysed by PLS regression and four classification methods. The most efficient DON prediction model was for unground samples (R2 = 0.75 and RMSEP = 403.18 μg/kg), using twelve characteristic wavelengths with a special interest in 1203 and 1388 nm. The random forest algorithm of unground samples according to the EU maximum limit for unprocessed oats (1750 μg/kg) achieved a classification accuracy of 77.8 %. These findings indicate that NIR-HSI is a promising tool for detecting DON in oats.
- ItemOpen AccessEffect of the Emulsifier Used in Dunaliella salina-Based Nanoemulsions Formulation on the β-Carotene Absorption and Metabolism in Rats(Wiley, 2023) Teixé-Roig, Júlia; Oms Oliu, Gemma; Odriozola Serrano, Isabel; Martín Belloso, OlgaScope Microalgae such as Dunaliella salina are a potential sustainable source of natural β-carotene due to their fast growth and high adaptability to environmental conditions. This work aims to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of β-carotene from this alga into different emulsifier-type nanoemulsions (soybean lecithin [SBL], whey protein isolate [WPI], sodium caseinate [SDC]) on its absorption, metabolization, and biodistribution in rats. Methods and results Nanoemulsions formulated with different emulsifiers at 8% concentration are obtained by five cycles of microfluidization at 130 mPa, then expose to an in vitro digestion or orally administer to rats. Feeding rats with nanoemulsions improves β-carotene uptake compared to control suspension, especially using SDC and WPI as emulsifiers. A greater presence of β-carotene and retinol in the intestine, plasma, and liver is observed, being the liver the tissue that shows the highest accumulation. This fact can be a consequence of the smaller droplets that protein-nanoemulsions present compared to that with SBL in the intestine of rats, which promote faster digestibility and higher β-carotene bioaccessibility (35%–50% more) according to the in vitro observations. Conclusions Nanoemulsions, especially those formulated with protein emulsifiers, are effective systems for increasing β-carotene absorption, as well as retinol concentration in different rat tissues.