2024-03-28T13:09:35Zhttps://repositori.udl.cat/server/oai/requestoai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/841842022-11-12T00:06:16Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Sánchez Salguero, Xavier
author
Gómez Ochoa, Pablo
author
Alférez, María Dolores
author
de Blas, Ignacio
author
Fernendes, Telmo
author
Balañá, Beatriz
author
Meléndez Lazoq, Antonio
author
Barbero Fernandez, Alicia
author
Caivano, Domenico
author
Corda, Francesca
author
Corda, Andrea
author
2021
Chemodectomas are low prevalence tumors with complex clinical management. Many present as an incidental finding however, in other dogs, they produce pericardial effusion and/or compression, leading to the appearance of severe clinical signs. There are currently several approaches: surgery, radiotherapy, stent placement and chemotherapy. This is the first description of percutaneous echo-guided radiofrequency ablation of aortic body tumors. This minimally invasive treatment is based on high frequency alternating electrical currents from an electrode that produces ionic agitation and generates frictional heat, causing coagulation necrosis. Five dogs with an echocardiographic and cytological diagnosis of chemodectoma underwent percutaneous echo-guided radiofrequency ablation. At the time of presentation, all the dogs showed clinical signs, such as ascites and/or collapse. There were no complications either during the procedure or in the following 24 hours. Rapid clinical improvement associated with a reduction in size and change in sonographic appearance of the mass were achieved with no complications. Six months follow-up was carried out in all dogs. A second percutaneous echo-guided RFA was performed eight months after the first procedure in one dog. Based on our experience, radiofrequency ablation seems to be a feasible and safe technique, making it a potential alternative therapeutic approach in the clinical management of aortic body tumors leading to severe clinical compromise.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102790
2076-2615
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/84184
Thermal ablation
Radiofrequency ablation
Chemodectoma
Aortic body tumor
Ultrasound guidance
Canine
Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Chemodectomas in Five Dogs
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/664862019-06-22T00:14:43Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2019-05-01
Random deviations from the perfect symmetry of normally bilaterally symmetrical characters for an individual with a given genotype occur during individual development due to the influence of multiple environmental factors. Directional asymmetry (DA) indicates that one side is consistently and signifcantly different than the other. DA is a characteristic of most vertebrates, most strikingly exhibited by the placement of various organs (heart, lungs, liver, etc.) but also noted in small differences in skeletal structures. In the research presented here, we study the presence and level of skull DA in a sample of domestic sheep. For this purpose, a global sample of 40 skulls belonging to adult animals was studied by means of geometric morphometric methods. The results of this study raise future questions about the influence of skull biomechanics on its asymmetrical development, but also about how management, ingesta-specifc properties (such as abrasiveness) and domestication can influence this response.
028634
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/66486
Bilateral asymmetry
Cranium
Directional asymmetry
Fluctuating asymmetry
Skull asymmetry in sheep is dominated by right side
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/416682020-07-14T08:39:34Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_186col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_311
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Margalida, Antoni
author
Colomer, M. Àngels (Maria Àngels)
author
Sanuy i Castells, Delfí
author
2011
Background: The reduction in the amount of food available for European avian scavengers as a consequence of restrictive public health policies is a concern for managers and conservationists. Since 2002, the application of several sanitary regulations has limited the availability of feeding resources provided by domestic carcasses, but theoretical studies assessing whether the availability of food resources provided by wild ungulates are enough to cover energetic requirements are lacking.
Methodology/Findings: We assessed food provided by a wild ungulate population in two areas of NE Spain inhabited by three vulture species and developed a P System computational model to assess the effects of the carrion resources provided on their population dynamics. We compared the real population trend with to a hypothetical scenario in which only food provided by wild ungulates was available. Simulation testing of the model suggests that wild ungulates constitute an important food resource in the Pyrenees and the vulture population inhabiting this area could grow if only the food provided by wild ungulates would be available. On the contrary, in the Pre-Pyrenees there is insufficient food to cover the energy requirements of avian scavenger guilds, declining sharply if biomass from domestic animals would not be available. Conclusions/Significance: Our results suggest that public health legislation can modify scavenger population trends if a large number of domestic ungulate carcasses disappear from the mountains. In this case, food provided by wild ungulates could be not enough and supplementary feeding could be necessary if other alternative food resources are not available (i.e. the reintroduction of wild ungulates), preferably in European Mediterranean scenarios sharing similar and socio-economic conditions where there are low densities of wild ungulates. Managers should anticipate the conservation actions
required by assessing food availability and the possible scenarios in order to make the most suitable decisions.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020248
016549
1932-6203
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/41668
Can wild ungulate carcasses provide enough biomass to maintain avian scavenger populations? An empirical assessment using a bio-inspired computational model
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/726392022-05-12T09:05:09Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Nadal García, Jesús
author
Sáez, David
author
Margalida, Antoni
author
2022
The increase of urban expansion, whereby soils become altered or filled with buildings through human action, presents a global threat to biodiversity and the spread of disease. Many of the factors determining bird migration routes and disease spread are poorly understood. We studied the migration routes of common quail Coturnix coturnix in western Europe. We examined the recoveries of ringed birds to characterize their migration trajectories to understand how this nocturnal migrant crosses artificial areas and predict the risk of migration collapse and disease transmission. We evaluated the possible consequences of quail collisions with human infrastructure elements (i.e., buildings, cranes, overhead cables and wires, and wind farm structures) to assess disease transmission in relation to the amount of urban soil. Our results show that variations in the amount of artificialized soil in central Europe are correlated with the relative absence of quail migratory routes. Conceptual models incorporating environmental ecology showed the relationships between climate warming, agroecosystems, and urban ecosystems as well as human health and economic growth. We predict a drastic loss of biodiversity and spread of disease if we do not curb the spread of land consumption. Taking a broad view of the interrelations discussed here allows predictions of global vulnerability and increased risks to health due to losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Lessons drawn from migration route maps of quail in relation to the distribution of urbanized soils provide tools for global conservation political decision making
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152173
032444
0048-9697
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/72639
Diseases spread
Urban soil
Obstacle city
Global ecology
Coturnix migration
Crossing artificial obstacles during migration: the relative global ecological risks and interdependencies illustrated by the migration of common quail Coturnix coturnix
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/647632019-02-13T09:38:52Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2018-06-01
En el cuero extraído de 45 terneros de engorde (19 machos y 26 hembras) de diversas razas de aptitud cárnica, en matadero, se estableció por fotogrametría el área, que se interpretó como área corporal ('Body Surface Area', BSA). Los valores de la BSA obtenidos oscilaron de 2,55 a 8,12 m2 (CV = 38,5%), presentando un coeficiente de correlación mucho mayor con la longitud corporal (rs = 0,736) que con el peso corporal (rs = 0,415), éste estimado a partir del peso canal caliente. Se estableció la fórmula de estimación simple BSA (cm2) = (longitud corporal en cm)2, que presentó una correlación altamente significativa con el área real (r = 0,913, p<0,0001). Aunque la BSA calculada mediante la fórmula aquí propuesta está subestimada, puesto que la piel de las partes distales y de la cabeza no fueron contempladas, al quedar excluidas del desollado, y además, no es seguro poder aplicar con la misma confianza esta fórmula más allá del tramo etario estudiado (295-396 días), se demuestra que, al menos en el tramo del engorde, es la longitud corporal y no el peso corporal la variable que estima mejor la BSA, siendo la primera variable más fácilmente medible en condiciones de campo por los métodos zoométricos habituales que el peso.
https://doi.org/10.12706/itea.2018.009
027182
1699-6887
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/64763
Alometría
Bruna dels Pirineus
BSA
Cuero
El área corporal en bovino de engorde está más correlacionada con la longitud corporal que con el peso corporal
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/494022016-01-28T03:00:43Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Allés, C.
author
2015-09-07
In this research, the authors studied sexual dimorphism in the Minorcan horse, an autochthonous breed from Minorca Island in the Balearic archipelago (NW Mediterranean Sea). For this purpose, a twodimensional geometric morphometric approach was applied to 52 pictures of adult animals (24 males and 28 females) in their left lateral view. Fourteen landmarks were chosen to provide an adequate coverage of the body. Certain differences between sexes appeared, mainly on dorsal neck conformation and distal part of extremities, males being much more uniform. Surprisingly, withers height was not discriminatory between genders.
023522
1000-0000
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/49402
Local breeds
Zoometry
Geometric morphometrics
Majorca Island
Balearic Islands
Discrete Sexual Dimorphism in Minorcan Horse
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/492802016-01-13T11:31:58Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Norris, D.
author
Varona Aguado, Luís
author
Visser, D. P.
author
Theron, H. E.
author
Voordewind, S. F.
author
Nesambuni, E. A.
author
2006
The objective of this study was to estimate dominance variance for number born alive (NBA), 21- day litter weight (LWT21) and interval between parities (FI) in South African Landrace pigs. A total of 26223 NBA, 21335 LWT21 and 16370 FI records were analysed. Bayesian analysis via Gibbs sampling was used to estimate variance components and genetic parameters were calculated from posterior distributions. Estimates of additive genetic variance were 0.669, 43.46 d2 and 9.02 kg2 for NBA, FI and LWT21, respectively. Corresponding estimates of dominance variance were 0.439, 123.68 d2 and 2.52 kg2, respectively. Dominance effects were important for NBA and FI. Permanent environmental effects were significant for FI and LWT21. It may be beneficial to evaluate non-additive genetic merit of individuals and families in addition to their transmitting abilities. A breeding program that capitalizes on non-additive genetic merit may be desirable.
0375-1589
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/49280
Non-additive genetic effects
Bayesian analysis
Genetic parameters
Estimation of the additive and dominance variances in South African Landrace pigs
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/626342020-07-08T13:06:26Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Moreno-Opo, Rubén
author
Margalida, Antoni
author
2017
Raptors are considered to pose one of the greatest aviation bir
d strike risks. We
investigated raptor bird strikes reported at the largest Spanis
h airport (Adolfo Suárez Madrid
Barajas; AS-MB) from 2009 to 2016 to determine the factors cont
ributing to the increased
incidences and develop recommendations to mitigate the risks. W
e hypothesized that
increased raptor bird strikes resulted from changes in foraging
and dispersal patterns of Iberian
Peninsula vultures (
Aegypius
spp. and
Gyps
spp.) after 2004–2005. We used information on
raptor bird strikes obtained from offi
cial databases and published studies, reported incidences
of raptor bird strikes and their characteristics (i.e., time, l
ocation, species involved), data
collected about raptor fl ight heights, and estimates of relativ
e abundance of large raptors
and their prey species obtained through standardized surveys co
nducted in the high priority
aviation area around the airport to assess bird strike risks. O
ur fi eld work was conducted from
June 2014 to May 2016. We confi rmed a direct relationship betwe
en the relative abundance
of the raptors studied and their prey species in the priority a
viation areas. Raptor bird strike
risks increased during spring and summer when food sources were
abundant in locations
where fl ight altitudes of aircraft were <1000 m above ground le
vel. Our observations appear
to be related to European Union sanitary policies that altered
the availability and occurrence
of livestock carcasses. These changes
may have increased the ov
erall movement of vultures
in search of new, scarcer, and more distant food sources, enhan
cing the likelihood of overlap
with air traffi
c corridors. Although further studies on aviation risk are ne
eded, our results
suggest the need to implement immediate remedial management act
ions to alter vulture
habitat quality by reducing food sources in sensitive areas, an
d providing alternative food
resources at distances suffi
ciently far from commercial airports
2155-3874
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/62634
Aegypius monachus
Airport management
Bird strike
Cinereous vulture
Large birds of prey, policies that alter food availability and air traffic : a risky mix for human safety
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/475702017-07-12T16:34:31Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2009
Thirty-five metric parameters were taken on 19 skulls belonging to adult Cavall Pirinenc Català horse breed and were subjected to a Principal Component Analysis. Parameters related with neurocranium width, ventral lengths and those related with ocular orbit are poorly discriminants. On the other hand, parameters related with viscerocranium are strongly discriminant. Our study strengths the importance in using parameters linked to viscerocranium, and frontal length, in equine racial studies on bone.
Se han analizado 35 variables métricas de 19 cráneos procedentes de animales adultos de la raza equina Cavall Pirinenc Català, procediendo a su estudio por Análisis de Componentes Principales.
Las variables relacionadas con la anchura del neurocráneo, las longitudes ventrales y las variables relacionadas con la órbita ocular son muy poco discriminantes. En cambio, las variables relacionadas
con el viscerocráneo aparecen como especialmente discriminantes. Proponemos dar un especial énfasis, en estudios raciales equinos sobre material óseo, al trabajo con las medidas que corresponden a esta zona (longitud del diastema, anchura mínima del espacio interalveolar, longitud de la línea ocular anterior, altura facial cranealmente a P2, altura facial entre P4 y M1), asi como la Longitud Frontal.
015072
1695-7504
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/47570
Breed
Skull
Cavall Pirinenc Català
Osteometry
Morfología cefálica en el Cavall Pirinenc Català
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/475112021-08-30T15:04:33Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2012
Morphometric studies sometimes consider matching symmetry, in which two separate structures exist as mirror images of each other, one on each body side. The examination of the bovine bones variation in symmetry seems to be neglected in the literature. Moreover the study of obturator foramen appears difficult as it is not suitable the use of Procrustes analysis. A biometrical and a Fourier study were performed on 19 bovine hemicoxae. From the study based on Fourier analysis, no significant shape differences between sides appeared so it was concluded that it was a case of matched symmetry.
018069
2251-7685
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/47511
Image analysis
Morphometry
Osteology
Pelvis
Matching symmetry of the bovine obturator foramen
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/604172017-11-06T12:26:31Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Sanuy i Castells, Delfí
author
1997
The variability in the locomotory behaviour between different species of anurans -the first vertebrates that are adapted to terrestrial environment- show the adaptive capacity of the different forms shaped by evolution. Each species adapts to the environment in a specific fashion. One uses the locomotory behaviour for measuring the variability of the patterns. The paths of the species effected in the different experimental situations -naturals and in the laboratory- were quantified, obtaining severa1 parameters that define the path. The Coefficient of Variation of the mean of each variable is utilise for measuring the variability. The work shows the difference between variables, as a consequence of the specific locomotory behaviour and its adaptation of the environment. We also show, the different adaptability that exists when the experimental conditions change, and each species adapts itself in a different way. The variability of the pattern is an instrument to know this different adaptability.
La variabilitat en el comportament locomotor entre distintes espècies d'anurs --els primers vertebrats que es van adaptar al medi terrestre- denota la capacitat adaptativa de les diferents formes que modela l'evolució. Cada espècie s'adapta al medi d'una manera que la diferencia de les altres. S'empra el comportament locomotor per mesurar la variabilitat de les pautes de conducta. Els comportaments locomotors de les espècies en diferents situacions experimentals -naturals i en un laboratori- es varen quantificar, es van obtenir una sèrie de variables que defineixen el recorregut i es va utilitzar el coeficient de variació de les mitjanes de cada una de les variables. Aquesta estadística s'empra per mesurar la variabilitat. Es mostren les diferències existents entre les variables, com a conseqüència del comportament locomotor específic i de la seva adaptació al medi. També es posa de relleu en el treball, la diferent adaptabilitat que existeix quan es canvien les condicions ambientals d'experimentació, i com cada una de les espècies s'hi adapta de manera diferent.
009635
0213-4039
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/60417
Anurans
Natural vs artificial experiences
Paths
Trajectometry
Intraspecific variability of the patterns of the locomotory behaviour in terrestrial iberian anurans
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/489802022-10-27T09:54:28Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Morazán Nuñez, Henris Jobany
author
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
Seradj, Ahmad Reza
author
Balcells Terés, Joaquim
author
Babot Gaspa, Daniel
author
2015-08-01
This study evaluated the effects of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) and increasingneutral detergent fiber (aNDFom) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, manurecomposition and carcass parameters of lean pigs as a means of reducing the environmen-tal load of slurry. Sixty-four intact male Landrace × Large-White pigs (13.8, SD 2.3 kg ofinitial body weight (BW)) were assigned to one of two dietary CP levels (high, HP or low,LP) and one of two aNDFom levels (high, HF or normal, NF) in a 2 × 2 factorial design, andsubjected to a three-phase feeding program from 6 to 21 weeks of age (15<br>110 kg of BW).The diets had similar metabolizable energy (ME), total lysine content and ideal amino acids(AA) ratio. Pigs fed HP diets had the highest average daily gain (ADG) and BW from 12weeks of age (P < 0.05), which was associated with a gain:feed ratio that was higher thanin the LP treatment (P < 0.05). Dietary aNDFom did not affect the ADG or gain:feed of pigs(P > 0.05). The coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of CP was higher in HPgroups (0.765 ± 0.0075), than it was in the LP groups (0.732 ± 0.0075, respectively), inde-pendent of the dietary aNDFom level. Low dietary CP reduced aNDFom digestibility in pigsfed diets that had a normal aNDFom level (LP-NF: 0.45), but not in pigs that were fed ahigh aNDFom diet (LP-HF: 0.548), compared to pigs fed HP diets (HP-NF: 0.546, and HP-HF:0.583 ± 0.011). Low dietary CP increased the manure output at 21 week of age (P < 0.001)and high dietary aNDFom increased manure output from 16 weeks of age (P < 0.001). Theslurry pH was higher in the HP groups than it was in the LP groups (7.42 vs. 7.18 ± 0.085,P = 0.05), but the level of dietary aNDFom did not alter the pH of slurry (P = 0.66). Back-fat thickness at slaughter was highest in pigs fed low CP (P < 0.001) or high aNDFom diets(P = 0.03). In summary, the effects of dietary CP and aNDFom on growth performance werelargely independent of each other. From 12 to 21 weeks of age, lowering dietary CP up to50 g/kg reduced growth performance and increased back-fat at slaughter. High aNDFomdiets did not reduce growth performance, but hampered lean tissue gain. An increase indietary aNDFom in low CP feed did not reduce the CTTAD of aNDFom in growing-finishingpigs. However, this dietary manipulation had the lowest economic return.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.003
023151
0377-8401
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/48980
Trade-offs among growth performance, nutrient digestionand carcass traits when feeding low protein and/or highneutral-detergent fiber diets to growing-finishing pigs
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/492572017-03-10T09:57:44Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_186col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_311
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Margalida, Antoni
author
Colomer, M. Àngels (Maria Àngels)
author
Oro, Daniel
author
Arlettaz, Raphaël
author
Donázar, José A.
author
2015
The removal of eggs or chicks from wild populations to create captive populations, reinforce free-ranging populations or reintroduce species into the wild is a restoration tool that requires an assessment of potential detrimental effects upon the donor population. This is an absolute prerequisite when wild donor populations are scarce and small. Here, we forecast the population trend of the largest European population of the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) over the next 30 years under different demographic and management scenarios (removal of eggs, chicks or fledglings). Projections derived from the combination of a PDP model (Population Dynamic P-system) and a Box-Behnken design would lead to a decline in 77% of all 57 scenarios analysed. Among the 13 scenarios predicting a population increase, only 4 seem realistic in terms of growth rate (0.04%–1.01%), at least if current age at first breeding and productivity would remain constant over time. Our simulations thus suggest that most extraction scenarios would have detrimental effects on the demography of the donor population. Release of captive-born young or removal of only the second hatched chick for subsequent captive rearing and translocation into the wild appear to represent much better supplementation and reintroduction options in this threatened species.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16962
024807
2045-2322
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/49257
Assessing the impact of removal scenarios on population viability of a threatened, long-lived avian scavenger
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/651962020-11-12T09:40:06Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Lobón, Sandra
author
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
Blanco Alibés, Mireia
author
Sanz Pascua, Albina
author
Joy, Margalida
author
2018-12-01
El sector ovino tiene una gran importancia
en España y es el segundo productor
europeo, después de Reino Unido
(FAOSTAT, 2017). El sistema de producción
de corderos se basa principalmente
en la lactancia y posterior cebo intensivo.
Sin embargo, existe interés por reintroducir
los forrajes y otros ingredientes
alternativos en el sistema de alimentación
para satisfacer la actual demanda de productos
animales procedentes de sistemas
sostenibles y resilientes.
027572
1699-7883
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/65196
Bestiar oví -- Alimentació
Interés de la inclusión de taninos condensados en la alimentación del ovino de carne
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/701222020-12-22T00:15:20Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2020-02-16
Being a type of scientific nomenclature, anatomy terms must be clear, precise, logical, coherent and accepted worldwide. Therefore, astandardized veterinary anatomical nomenclaturehasnot only recognised internationally but also came highly recommended and must bringto the attention of not only teachers, students and researchers, but also to clinicians, translators, editors and publishers for use throughout their activities. Although a standard veterinary anatomical nomenclature exists, e.g.NominaAnatomicaVeterinaria,it is not always followed or well known by everyone within the profession. Additionally, casual or jargon terms are commonly used, and that is in addition to differing languages being utilised. This manuscript discusses some of the examples derived from the mix of technical versus jargon anatomical veterinary words,makesrecommendations regardingthe use of jargon or technical words according each situation and highlights some of the complexities involved in structuring and maintaining anatomical nomenclature.
030704
2637-5354
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/70122
Anatomical nomenclature
Clinical anatomy
Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria
Technical Versus Jargon in Anatomic Veterinary Nomenclature
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/676092019-11-27T00:15:39Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Balcells Terés, Joaquim
author
Aris, A.
author
Serrano, A.
author
Seradj, Ahmad Reza
author
Crespo, J.
author
Devant, M.
author
2012-12
To study the effects of an extract of plant flavonoids [Bioflavex (FL)] in cattle fed high-concentrate diets, 2 experiments were designed. In the first experiment, the effects of Bioflavex on the development of rumen acidosis was evaluated in 8 Holstein-Friesian crossbreed heifers (451 kg; SEM 14.3 kg of BW) using a crossover design. Each experimental period lasted 22 d; from d 1 to 20, the animals were fed rye grass, on d 21 the animals were fasted, and on d 22, rumen acidosis was induced by applying 5 kg of wheat without [CONTROL: (CTR) heifers who did not receive Bioflavex] or with flavonoids [heifers who received FL; 300 mg/kg DM] through a rumen cannula. Rumen pH was recorded continuously (from d 19 to d 22). On d 22, average rumen pH was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the FL animals (6.29; SEM = 0.031) than it was in the CTR heifers (5.98; SEM = 0.029). After the wheat application, the rumen VFA concentration increased (P < 0.01), the proportion of acetic acid decreased (P < 0.01), and lactate concentration (mmol/L) increased, but the increase was not as great (P = 0.09) in the FL as it was in the CTR heifers (0.41 to 1.35 mmol/L; SEM = 0.24). On d 22, Streptococcus bovis and Selenomonas ruminantium titers increased after the wheat application, but Megasphaera elsdenii titers increased (P < 0.05) only in the FL heifers. In the second experiment, the effect of Bioflavex on the performance and rumen fermentation in finishing heifers was evaluated. Forty-eight Fleckvieh heifers (initial BW = 317 kg; SEM = 5.34) were used in a completely randomized design. Heifers were assigned to 1 of 4 blocks based on their BW and, within each block, assigned to 1 of 2 pens (6 heifers/pen). In addition, 16 heifers (2/pen) were rumen cannulated. Individual BW and group consumption of concentrate and straw were recorded weekly until the animals reached the target slaughter weight. Supplementation with FL did not affect ADG, feed consumption, or feed conversion ratio. Rumen pH and molar proportions of propionate were greater (P < 0.01) and acetate proportion was less in the FL (P < 0.01) than they were in the CTR heifers. Flavonoid supplementation might be effective in improving rumen fermentation and reducing the incidence of rumen acidosis. This effect of flavonoids may be partially explained by increasing the numbers of lactate-consuming microorganisms (e.g., M. elsdenii) in the rumen.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4955
018605
0021-8812
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/67609
Acidosis
Cattle
Flavenoids
High-concentrate diets
Rumen fermentation
Rumen microorganisms
Effects of an extract of plant flavonoids (Bioflavex) on rumen fermentation and performance in heifers fed high-concentrate diets
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/841712022-11-11T00:06:32Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Molín, Jéssica
author
Vilafranca, Miquel
author
Suárez-Bonnet, Alejandro
author
Altimira, Jaume
author
Ramírez, Gustavo A.
author
2021
Canine tonsillar polyps are uncommon. We describe 14 tonsillar polyps in dogs and review their classification and pathogenesis.
All dogs were adult (3–13 years old). Females (10/14) were more affected than males (4/14). Most of the lesions were asymptomatic
(10/14). All lesions were unilateral, pedunculated (9/14), or sessile (5/14), with a smooth (12/14) or papillary/verrucous
surface (2/14). Histologically, polyps consisted of benign proliferation of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, and
lymphoid tissue in variable proportions, with occasional adipose tissue (4/14). According to the main stromal components, polyps
were categorized as lymphangiomatous (5/14), lymphangiolipomatous (2/14), lymphangiofibromatous (2/14), angiofibromatous
(1/14), angiofibrolipomatous (1/14), lymphoid (2/14), and myxomatous (1/14). As the pathogenesis of these polyps remains
unclear, we propose to replace the term inflammatory tonsillar polyp by a morphological diagnosis based on the stromal
characteristics of the lesions. Simple surgical excision was curative in the 9 cases with available follow-up information.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985820971761
030776
1544-2217
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/84171
Dog
Hamartoma
Oropharynx
Pathogenesis
Polyp
Review
Canine Tonsillar Polyps: Characteristics, Classification, and Review of the Pathogenesis
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/693412020-07-21T00:18:37Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Kabir, Ashraful
author
2020-06-30
The objective of the research was to investigate the relationship among traits in 21 tumbler pigeon breeds and Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) from different traits(body weight, wing length, height, beak base thickness, beak length, nape length, neck thickness, tail length, tarsus length and tarsus thickness traits). In the principal component analysis with var-covar matrix it was found that for all traits first principal component explained more than 99.2% of the total variation, being bodyweight the most discriminative trait. Clustering analysis was performed based and results showed 2 multi-breed clades according to body weight. So we can conclude the existence of two main tumblers clades according to their body weight: a eumetrical group (with a body weight below 300 g) and a hypermetrical group (with a body weight above 300 g) in tumblers group. This kind of analyses can define clades, estimate admixture dates, distinguish geographically diverse populations, and help in the future to determine the source of shared mutations among diverse pigeon tumbler breeds.
030302
1310-0351
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/69341
Analytical detection function
Classification
cluster analysis
Columba livia
Rock pigeon
Clustering the tumbler pigeons group on their morphological characteristics reveals a eumetrical and a hypermetrical clade
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/474992017-03-10T13:32:00Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Mwaanga, Edwell S.
author
Caballero-Sala, Marta
author
Sabaté, J.
author
Valenzuela, Sílvia
author
2013-11-12
Body weight and twelve body measurements taken on fifteen ewes and five rams of the Zambian indigenous Fat-tailed were analysed. The sheep were extensively managed in the Southern and driest part of Zambia. The aim of the study was to achieve a preliminary assessment of type and function of the breed based on zoometrical indices produced from combinations of different morphometric values obtained from the field. The body measurements used were body length, cannon perimeter, chest depth, head width and length, heart (thoracic) girth, hip length and width, rump height, head width and lenght, and withers height. From these linear measurements there were derived eleven indices: Body, cephalic, cranial, dactyl<br>thoracic, depth, foreleg length, height, height slope, pelvic, relative cannon thickness, rump-length and weight indexes. The tested indices showed that Zambian indigenous Fat tailed sheep are mildly productive meat animals. The respective coefficient of variation between breeds (flocks/herds) indicates the amount of opportunity available for improving the breed through selection. The need for further investigations is presented but as a matter of fact a separation of Zambian fat-tailed sheep breed from the others could be suspected.
https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLP12.010
020453
2141-2448
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/47499
Body measurements
Indices
Correlation
Ewe
Ram
Biometrical multivariate study of the Zambian indigenous Fat-tailed sheep.
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/680882023-10-30T10:44:34Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Garrido, Victoria
author
Sánchez, Samanta
author
San Román, Beatriz
author
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José
author
Migura-García, Lourdes
author
Grilló, María Jesús
author
2019
Salmonellosis is one of the main foodborne diseases worldwide. Breeding sows asymptomatically infected with Salmonella can transmit the pathogen to piglets and humans. The isolation of Salmonella from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) is considered a demonstration of asymptomatic infection in swine. As previous breeding sow studies have been performed using feces, the aim of this work was to study the occurrence of Salmonella infections by sampling MLNs, in comparison to their serological status. First, Salmonella fecal shedding was studied in 12/16 large breeding farms to establish the framework of study. Then, MLN (n = 264) and blood (n = 237) samples were obtained at an abattoir from sows of 15 of these 16 breeding farms. Additionally, risk factors associated with Salmonella MLN infection were analyzed. A total of 6.1% (16/264) sows, distributed in 40% (6/15) of the farms, had the pathogen in MLN. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequent serovar isolated. Interestingly, 43.8% (7/16) of MLN isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested and were found distributed throughout all farms with at least one sow positive. As well, one isolate of the emerging DT195 clone was detected and found to be resistant to six antibiotic families (ASSuTNx-Cfx). The serovars and the resistance profiles of the Salmonella isolates from feces were completely different to those obtained from MLNs. The seroprevalence (41.8% of sows and 100% of farms) was higher than that of MLN infections, showing no concordance (k = 0.15) between these two diagnostic tests in sows. Strategies directed to correct two risk factors (i.e., administration of dry food and old premises) would most likely help to reduce Salmonella infections in breeding sows.
https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2019.2708
029127
1535-3141
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/68088
Salmonella
Sows
Lymph nodes
Antimicrobial resistance
Risk factors
Salmonella infection in mesenteric lymph nodes of breeding sows
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/706632021-03-04T00:27:36Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Armengol Gelonch, Ramon
author
Bassols, Marta
author
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José
author
2021
The use of natural resources is an important topic to optimize the efficiency of cattle production. The purpose of this work is to describe the project of the Bruna d'Andorra; a local cow breed under an extensive cow-calf system in Andorra (Europe), as an example of local farming and marketing of its meat products in an area with adverse environmental conditions. This breed is located in Andorra, a microstate that consists predominantly of rugged mountains and harsh weather conditions. The cow-calf Bruna d'Andorra extensive system is thoroughly described and productive and reproductive performance, compiled over 21 years (2000-2020), has been analyzed by years with the Chi-square test or ANOVA to compare proportions or means, respectively, and regression analysis was used to decipher evolution across years. The results show a population with a census large and stable enough to avoid inbreeding. Moreover, a sustained improvement of the productive performance and maternal fitness has been observed along the studied period for Bruna d'Andorra. The work concludes that local breeds can achieve sustainable animal production, especially when farmers, public administration and commercial circuits in the area agree to cooperate on such projects. The study also concludes that the Bruna d'Andorra cow breed can still improve in meat and reproductive performance.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030611
031064
2076-2615
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/70663
Ruminants
Beef cattle
Extensive production
Local breed
Bruna d’Andorra
A cow-calf farming system fully adapted to elevation and harsh conditions in Andorra (Europe)
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/587702017-03-22T14:26:53Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
González García, Ulises Alejandro
author
Corona, Luis
author
Castrejon Pineda, Francisco
author
Balcells Terés, Joaquim
author
Castelan Ortega, Octavio
author
González Ronquillo, Manuel
author
2016
This study compares in situ, in vitro (DaisyII and gas production) and in vivo techniques to estimate the
degradation of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and N of sorghum grain. We used whole dried
sorghum (WDS), dry cracked sorghum (DCS), the reconstituted whole sorghum silage (WSS) and
reconstituted cracked sorghum silage (CSS). The residues obtained from the ruminal digestion in vitro
(DaisyII) and in situ were analysed for their intestinal digestion (pepsin–pancreatin). OM was similar
(981.32 ± 0.52) in all treatments, WSS showed the highest (P < .001) crude protein (CP) concentration
compared with the other treatments, whereas CSS showed the highest amount of starch (P < .001)
compared to other treatments. The apparent degraded substrate (ADS) was higher (P < .038) for whole
sorghums, rumen degradable protein (RDP) was higher for WDS and WSS (P = .003), while protein
digestible in the intestine (PDI) was higher for sorghums silage (P < .001) compared with dry sorghums.
ADS was higher (P < .022) using the in sacco technique compared with the other methods, while for
the RDP and PDI methods in sacco and in vitro (Daisy) showed the better degradation compared with
in vivo. The reconstituted ensiling sorghum grains had a favourable response in the availability of
nutrients, compared with dried sorghums.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2016.1250642
025094
0971-2119
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/58770
Fattening
Methane
Sorghum
Digestibility
A comparison of processed sorghum grain using different digestion techniques
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/716722023-03-06T14:53:43Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Blanco Fuertes, Miguel
author
Correa Fiz, Florencia
author
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José
author
Sibila, Marina
author
Aragon, Virginia
author
2021
Fibrinous polyserositis in swine farming is a common pathological finding in nursery animals. The differential diagnosis of this finding should include Glaesserella parasuis (aetiological agent of Glässer's disease) and Mycoplasma hyorhinis, among others. These microorganisms are early colonizers of the upper respiratory tract of piglets. The composition of the nasal microbiota at weaning was shown to constitute a predisposing factor for the development of Glässer's disease. Here, we unravel the role of the nasal microbiota in the subsequent systemic infection by M. hyorhinis, and the similarities and differences with Glässer's disease. Nasal samples from farms with recurrent problems with polyserositis associated with M. hyorhinis (MH) or Glässer's disease (GD) were included in this study, together with healthy control farms (HC). Nasal swabs were taken from piglets in MH farms at weaning, before the onset of the clinical outbreaks, and were submitted to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V3-V4 region). These sequences were analyzed together with sequences from similar samples previously obtained in GD and HC farms. Animals from farms with disease (MH and GD) had a nasal microbiota with lower diversity than those from the HC farms. However, the composition of the nasal microbiota of the piglets from these disease farms was different, suggesting that divergent microbiota imbalances may predispose the animals to the two systemic infections. We also found variants of the pathogens that were associated with the farms with the corresponding disease, highlighting the importance of studying the microbiome at strain-level resolution
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050603
031301
2076-0817
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/71672
Altered Nasal Microbiota Composition Associated with Development of Polyserositis by Mycoplasma hyorhinis
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/731802022-09-15T00:11:55Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Argemí i Armengol, Immaculada
author
Villalba Mata, Daniel
author
Bertolín, Juan Ramon
author
Latorre, Maria Angeles
author
Panella Riera, Núria
author
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
2021
In organic pig husbandry, the use of roughage is mandatory as dietary supplement. This study investigated the effects of oat silage on the fatty acid composition, in entire males and gilts, as well as indole and skatole levels in perirenal adipose tissue of entire males. Entire males and gilts (forty-five to forty-eight pigs/sex) were assigned to two dietary roughage feeds (control with straw vs. oat silage). There was no significant effect of silage or sex on total SFA and MUFA in pork fat. However, the oat silage increased the total PUFA n-3 and decreased the PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio. The content of boar taint compounds (skatole and indole) in the entire male pigs did not differ between diets, although human nose scoring rejected in a greater extent more pork fat from entire males supplemented with oat silage, compared with those only supplied with straw. Approximately 50% of the entire males (90 to 97 kg of carcass) had low skatole values (≤0.1 μg/g), that were below the range of boar taint detection, regardless of the feeding regime. This finding indicates that more studies should be performed to avoid the problem of taint detection in entire males under organic production.
https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2021-0086
032617
2300-8733
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/73180
Entire male
Fatty acids
Omega-3
Indole
Skatole
Dietary silage supplement modifies fatty acid composition and boar taint in pork fat
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/679382020-02-06T00:20:24Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ros Freixedes, Roger
author
Gonen, Serap
author
Gorjanc, Gregor
author
Hickey, John M.
author
2017-10-25
Background: This paper describes a heuristic method for allocating low-coverage sequencing resources by target- ing haplotypes rather than individuals. Low-coverage sequencing assembles high-coverage sequence information for every individual by accumulating data from the genome segments that they share with many other individuals into consensus haplotypes. Deriving the consensus haplotypes accurately is critical for achieving a high phasing and imputation accuracy. In order to enable accurate phasing and imputation of sequence information for the whole population, we allocate the available sequencing resources among individuals with existing phased genomic data by targeting the sequencing coverage of their haplotypes. Results: Our method, called AlphaSeqOpt, prioritizes haplotypes using a score function that is based on the fre- quency of the haplotypes in the sequencing set relative to the target coverage. AlphaSeqOpt has two steps: (1) selec- tion of an initial set of individuals by iteratively choosing the individuals that have the maximum score conditional on the current set, and (2) refinement of the set through several rounds of exchanges of individuals. AlphaSeqOpt is very effective for distributing a fixed amount of sequencing resources evenly across haplotypes, which results in a reduction of the proportion of haplotypes that are sequenced below the target coverage. AlphaSeqOpt can provide a greater proportion of haplotypes sequenced at the target coverage by sequencing less individuals, as compared with other methods that use a score function based on haplotype frequencies in the population. A refinement of the initially selected set can provide a larger more diverse set with more unique individuals, which is beneficial in the context of low-coverage sequencing. We extend the method with an approach for filtering rare haplotypes based on their flanking haplotypes, so that only those that are likely to derive from a recombination event are targeted. Conclusions: We present a method for allocating sequencing resources so that a greater proportion of haplotypes are sequenced at a coverage that is sufficiently high for population-based imputation with low-coverage sequencing. The haplotype score function, the refinement step, and the new approach for filtering rare haplotypes make AlphaSe- qOpt more effective for that purpose than previously reported methods for reducing sequencing redundancy.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-017-0353-y
029237
0999-193X
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/67938
A method for allocating low-coverage sequencing resources by targeting haplotypes rather than individuals
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/700102020-12-04T00:13:23Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
López Gatius, Fernando
author
García Ispierto, Irina
author
Hunter, Ronald Henry Fraser
author
2020-11-20
Multiple pregnancies have devastating consequences on the herd economy of dairy cattle. This observational study examines incidence patterns based on data from the ultrasonographic examination of 1130 multiple pregnancies in cows in their third lactation or more carrying twins (98.8%), triplets (1.1%), or quadruplets (0.08%), and 3160 of their peers carrying singletons. Cows became pregnant following a spontaneous estrus with no previous hormone treatments. Irrespective of a significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in the conception rate (28–34 days post-insemination) during the warm period of the year, the multiple pregnancy rate was similar for both warm (26.5%) and cool (26.3%) periods. The incidence of unilateral multiple pregnancies (all embryos in the same uterine horn) was higher than that of bilateral pregnancies (at least one embryo in each uterine horn): 54.4% versus 45.6% (p < 0.0001). This difference rose to 17% during the warm season (p = 0.03). Pregnancy was monitored in unilateral multiple pregnancies until abortion or parturition (n = 615). In the warm period, the parturition rate was 43% compared to 61% recorded in the cool period (p < 0.0001). Thus, a warm climate is the main factor compromising the fate of multiple pregnancies. Some clinical suggestions are provided.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112165
2076-2615
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/70010
Twinning
Dead co-twin
Early fetal loss
Twin reduction
Bilateral asymmetry
Heat stress
Twin Pregnancies in Dairy Cattle: Observations in a Large Herd of Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/586892021-08-30T15:04:33Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
Joy, Margalida
author
Sanz Pascua, Albina
author
Ripoll, Guillermo
author
Panea, B
author
Ripoll Bosch, Raimon
author
Blasco, Isabel
author
2012
The aim of the study was evaluate the use of forage diets (grazing pasture vs. hay) around
ewe parturition on the performance and meat quality of suckling lambs (10–12 kg bodyweight).
Forty-eight multiparous single bearing ewes from the Churra Tensina breed were
used. The experimental treatments were conducted during the last 5 weeks of pregnancy
(pre-partum period) and the 5 weeks of lactation (post-partum period) in a 2 × 2 factorial
design. Ewes were fed ad libitum on mountain pastures or pasture hay. Hay was made in
late spring from the same pasture paddocks to those grazed in autumn. Results showed that
ewes body-weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were not affected by forage type
feed around ewe parturition. The week post-partum had a more determinant effect on milk
production and composition than forage type pre- and post-partum. The energy-corrected
milk yield peaked on first week of lactation (1.39 l/day, P < 0.05), and decreased significantly
from week 3 post-partum onwards (1.29 l/day vs. 1.02 l/day, P < 0.05). Forage type supplied
to ewes during the pre-partum period did not affect any of the studied variables on lambs.
During post-partum period forage type had effect on lamb ADG, which was higher in grazing
system than in hay feed (259 g/day vs. 220 g/day). Consequently, age at slaughter was
greater in lambs raised by ewes receiving hay post-partum compared to grazing ewes (36
days vs. 32 days, P < 0.05). Caudal fat colour was affected only by post-partum forage type,
showing grazing group greater redness, yellowness and absolute value of the integral of the
translated spectrum (SUM) than that forage type (P < 0.05). Carcasses from lambs raised by
post-partum grazing ewes led to a muscle with lower lightness and yellowness and greater
redness than hay forage type (P < 0.05). Lambs whose dams grazed presented a higher visual
appraisal score at cutting time, however these differences disappeared as time advanced.
Grazing forage had a positive effect on consumer purchasing decision (P < 0.10). In conclusion,
forage type in pre-partum period did not affect the studied parameters whereas ewes
grazing on mountain pastures after autumn-lambing improved lamb performance without
any detrimental effect on carcass and instrumental meat quality.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.048
017637
0921-4488
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/58689
Milk yield and quality
Fat colour
Meat colour
Sensory analysis
Does forage type (grazing vs. hay) fed to ewes before and after lambing affect suckling lambs performance, meat quality and consumer purchase intention?
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/667632023-09-27T14:24:32Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Gol, Sofia
author
González Prendes, Rayner
author
Bosch, Lluís
author
Tor i Naudí, Marc
author
Reixach, Josep
author
Pena i Subirà, Ramona Natacha
author
Estany Illa, Joan
author
2019-05-07
Background: Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a relevant trait for high-quality meat products such as dry-cured ham, but increasing IMF has the undesirable correlated effect of decreasing lean growth. Thus, there is a need to find selection criteria for IMF independent from lean growth. In pigs, the proportion of linoleic (C18:2) and arachidonic (C20:4) acids decline with fat deposition and therefore they can be considered as indicators of fatness. The aim of this research was to estimate the genetic variation for C18:2 and C20:4 in IMF and their genetic correlations with IMF and lean growth traits, with the objective to assess their potential as specific biomarkers of IMF. The analysis was conducted using a full-pedigreed Duroc resource line with 91,448 records of body weight and backfat thickness (BT) at 180 days of age and 1371 records of fatty acid composition in the muscle gluteus medius.
Results: The heritability estimates for C18:2 and C20:4 in IMF, whether expressed in absolute (mg/g of muscle) or in relative (mg/g of fatty acid) terms, as well as for their ratio (C20:4/C18:2), were high (> 0.40), revealing that the C18:2 to C20:4 pathway is subjected to substantial genetic influence. Litter effects were not negligible, with values ranging from 8% to 15% of the phenotypic variance. The genetic correlations of C18:2 and C20:4 with IMF and BT were negative (− 0.75 to − 0.66, for IMF, and − 0.64 to − 0.36, for BT), if expressed in relative values, but almost null (− 0.04 to 0.07), if expressed in absolute values, except for C18:2 with IMF, which was highly positive (0.88). The ratio of C20:4 to C18:2 also displayed a stronger genetic correlation with IMF (− 0.59) than with BT (− 0.10).
Conclusions: The amount of C18:2 in muscle can be used as an IMF-specific biomarker. Selection for the absolute amount of C18:2 is expected to deliver a similar response outcome as selection for IMF at restrained BT. Further genetic analysis of the C18:2 metabolic pathway may provide new insights into differential fat deposition among adipose tissues and on candidate genes for molecular markers targeting specifically for one of them.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0343-8
028459
1674-9782
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/66763
Greix intramuscular
Paràmetres genètics
Arachidonic
Linoleic
Linoleic acid metabolic pathway allows for an efficient increase of intramuscular fat content in pigs
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/491832017-03-10T13:02:44Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_44504
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
de la Fuente Oliver, Gabriel
author
Belanche, A.
author
Girwood, Susan E.
author
Pinloche, Eric
author
Wilkinson, Toby
author
Newbold, C. Jamie
author
2014-07-22
The development of next generation sequencing has challenged the use of other molecular fingerprinting methods used to study microbial diversity. We analysed the bacterial diversity in the rumen of defaunated sheep following the introduction of different protozoal populations, using both next generation sequencing (NGS: Ion Torrent PGM) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Although absolute number differed, there was a high correlation between NGS and T-RFLP in terms of richness and diversity with R values of 0.836 and 0.781 for richness and Shannon-Wiener index, respectively. Dendrograms for both datasets were also highly correlated (Mantel test = 0.742). Eighteen OTUs and ten genera were significantly impacted by the addition of rumen protozoa, with an increase in the relative abundance of Prevotella, Bacteroides and Ruminobacter, related to an increase in free ammonia levels in the rumen. Our findings suggest that classic fingerprinting methods are still valuable tools to study microbial diversity and structure in complex environments but that NGS techniques now provide cost effect alternatives that provide a far greater level of information on the individual members of the microbial population.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101435
023067
1932-6203
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/49183
Pros and cons of ion-torrent next generation sequencing versus terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism T-RFLP for studying the rumen bacterial community
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4652002024-03-02T03:00:21Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Argemí i Armengol, Immaculada
author
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
Tor i Naudí, Marc
author
Salada, Laura
author
Leite, Ana
author
Vasconcelos, Lia
author
Teixeira, A.
author
Rodrigues, Sandra Sofia Quinteiro
author
2024-02-27
Two of the main issues related to cured meat products are castration to avoid boar taint and the hefty reliance on soybean meal to feed pigs. However, data on the effects of immunocastration in pigs and alternative crop protein feeds on the sensory traits and consumers' acceptance of drycured loin are still limited. A preliminary study was conducted on the effect of sex type (surgical castrated male pigs and immunocastrated male and female pigs, at approximately 140 kg in weight and 7 months of age) and animal diet (pea vs. soya) on dry-cured loins. The study involved a sensory evaluation of six treatments, with a 3 × 2 factorial design, conducted by trained panellists and untrained consumers in Spain (n = 126) and Portugal (n = 80). The consumers were also checked for their skatole sensitivity using a pure substance. The results showed that the pea-based diet was significantly different (p < 0.001) from the soy-based diet, as determined by a trained panel of surgically castrated male pigs, although the immunocastration treatments were not split. Dry-cured loin from immunocastrated male pigs fed with peas was considered tenderer and juicier (p < 0.05) than those fed soya-based diets. The untrained consumer panel scored higher on the sensory traits (flavour, juiciness, and overall liking) from the loin samples of surgically castrated male pigs fed a pea diet. All consumers scored similarly in boar taint detection. This study demonstrates the applicability of the pea-based diet for the feeding of pigs destined for cured meat and highlights immunocastration as a tool that does not compromise the skatole detection score.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14050739
034047
2076-2615
https://repositori.udl.cat/handle/10459.1/465200
Castration
Immunocastration
Diet
Skatole
Pork dry-cured loins
A Preliminary Evaluation of Sex and Dietary Field Pea Effects on Sensory Characteristics of Dry-Cured Loins
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4646042023-11-28T03:00:21Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
Ryschawy, Julie
author
Grillot, Myriam
author
Martin, Guillaume
author
2024-01-01
CONTEXT: Intensive pig farming is challenged by high environmental impacts and dependence on outsourced inputs. Circular feeding strategies to improve nutrient cycling and livestock diversity have emerged as pathways to improve the sustainability. OBJECTIVE: This study explored the potential of increasing feed circularity and introducing sheep to improve the sustainability of a typical pig fattening region in the semiarid zone of Spain. METHODS: Three alternative circular scenarios were designed to relocate pig feed production while reintroducing sheep production. These scenarios were then compared to a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. The feeding strategies scenarios differed in crude protein (CP) and in-feed amino acid (AA) supplementation for pigs (CircHigh, high CP with low AA; CircLow, low CP with high AA; CircNoAA, low CP without AA) and included grazing sheep to use crop residues, alfalfa and temporary vetch-oat pastures on fallow land. Yearly feed requirements for pigs were planned, and were met with cereal grains, oilseeds, legumes, rice bran and chopped alfalfa hay. Sheep carrying capacity was estimated from available forage sources. Indicators in five sustainability dimensions were considered: economic performance, landscape mosaic, livestock diversity, nitrogen (N) cycling, and feed-food competition. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Outsourced (BAU) pig feeding without sheep had low scores for indicators in all five dimensions. The feeding strategy for pigs strongly influenced the land area required to produce feed as well.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103809
033678
0308-521X
https://repositori.udl.cat/handle/10459.1/464604
Feed formulation
Circular economy
Crop–livestock systems
Nitrogen
Sheep
Circularity and livestock diversity: Pathways to sustainability in intensive pig farming regions
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/474802017-08-03T12:45:21Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Morros, Carla
author
2014
Deviations from expected perfect symmetry can occur, and organisms can develop several kinds of asymmetry. Among others are fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and directional asymmetry (DA). FA represents small random differences between corresponding parts on the left and right sides of an individual in bilaterally paired structures; it is thought to reflect an organism"s ability to cope with genetic and environmental stress during growth. DA occurs whenever one side on the plane of symmetry develops more than the other side, and has a genetic component. In this research, we tested the presence of dental FA and DA by examining the expression of asymmetry in the upper first molar of 25 individuals belonging to the"Cavall Pirinenc Català" horse breed . Size was not different between sides, but there was significant FA. We suggest that the predominant source of detected occlusal variation is only behavioural, being a chewing-side preference, a preference for one side of the dentition during chewing, as has been described in humans.
021194
2349-2856
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/47480
Cavall Pirinenc Català
Directional asymmetry
Fluctuating asymmetry
Molar size/shape
Catalan Pyrenean Horse
Molar asymmetry shows a chewing-side preference in horses
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/493242017-03-10T09:57:27Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Perez Enciso, Miguel
author
Varona Aguado, Luís
author
Rothschild, Max Frederick
author
2000
The accurate estimation of the probability of identity by descent (IBD) at loci or genome positions of interest is paramount to the genetic study of quantitative and disease resistance traits. We present a Monte Carlo Markov Chain method to compute IBD probabilities between individuals conditional on DNA markers and on pedigree information. The IBDs can be obtained in a completely general pedigree at any genome position of interest, and all marker and pedigree information available is used. The method can be split into two steps at each iteration. First, phases are sampled using current genotypic configurations of relatives and second, crossover events are simulated conditional on phases. Internal track is kept of all founder origins and crossovers such that the IBD probabilities averaged over replicates are rapidly obtained. We illustrate the method with some examples. First, we show that all pedigree information should be used to obtain line origin probabilities in F2 crosses. Second, the distribution of genetic relationships between half and full sibs is analysed in both simulated data and in real data from an F2 cross in pigs.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9686-32-5-467
0999-193X
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/49324
DNA Markers
Identity by descent probability
Monte Carlo Markov Chain
Computation of identity by descent probabilities conditional on DNA markers via a Monte Carlo Markov Chain method
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/494052022-11-28T19:55:16Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Belanche, A.
author
Balcells Terés, Joaquim
author
de la Fuente Oliver, Gabriel
author
Yáñez-Ruiz, D. R.
author
Fondevila, Manuel
author
Calleja, L.
author
2010-09-14
This study examined the reticulo-rumen characteristics of the microbial community and its fermentative characteristics in milk-fed, at weaning and finished lambs in a conventional fattening system. Five lambs were assigned to each of three groups: milk-fed lambs slaughtered at 30 days (T30), weaned lambs slaughtered at 45 days (T45) and 'finished lambs' slaughtered at 90 days (T90). At slaughter, rumen size, fermentation parameters (pH, volatile fatty acids and microbial enzyme activity) and protozoal counts were recorded. Quantitative PCR was used to quantify the genes encoding 16S and 18S ribosomal DNA of the rumen bacterial and protozoal populations, respectively, and the sequential colonization of the rumen by cellulolytic (Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens) and amylolytic (Prevotella ruminicola, Streptococcus bovis) bacteria, and protozoa (Entodinium sp.). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to study the development of rumen microbiota biodiversity. Intake of solid food before weaning caused a significant increase in rumen weight (p < 0.0001) and bacterial DNA (p < 0.05) and volatile fatty acid analysis concentration (p < 0.01), whereas pH declined. In milk-fed lambs, cellulolytic bacteria were evident after 30 days. Thereafter, in the 45-day and 90-day groups, the proportions of R. flavefaciens decreased and R. albus increased. Amylolytic bacteria were present in milk-fed lambs; the proportion of P. ruminicola increased in fattening lambs and S. bovis was the least abundant species. Protozoal concentrations were irregular; milk-fed lambs had a significant number of protozoa species from Entodinium and subfamily Isotrichiidae, but they disappeared at weaning. Lamb rumen were refaunated in some individuals at 90 days (Entodinium and subfamily Diplodiniinae spp.), although individual concentrations were variable.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2009.00952.x
023085
0931-2439
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/49405
Description of development of rumen ecosystem by PCR assay in milk-fed, weaned and finished lambs in an intensive fattening system
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/623742018-01-17T00:31:10Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Alimgozhaevich Iskakov, Kairat
author
Turganbekovich Kulatayev, Beibit
author
Makhambetovna Zhumagaliyeva, Gulshad
author
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2017-08-04
Kazakh fine-wool sheep bred in semiarid and desert zones of the Kazakhstan South-East are most widely spread in the Republic. However, most sheep do not satisfy the respective requirements of the breed in terms of productivity and especially reproductive capacity. Consequently, increasing the breeding performance and yield of commercial lambs is one of the most urgent issues in fine-wool sheep breeding. One of the tasks for scientists and agricultural specialists is to develop efficient methods to increase the reproductive capacity of fine-wool sheep and preserve lambs to the age of one year, one of the ways to increase the breeding performance being the selection of polycarpous pairs intended to accelerate the breeding rate for the mentioned product.
https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2017.219.225
026374
1608-4217
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/62374
Reproduction
Selection
Breeding
Birth type
Body weight
Productive and Biological Features of Kazakh Fine-Wool Sheep in the Conditions of the Almaty Region
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/666662019-09-06T00:18:01Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2019-08-21
Brown-throated sloth Bradypus variegatus (Schinz, 1825) is a monomorphic mammal, and its skull ontogeny is poorly known. Here, we present a study of the ontogenetic allometric relationship between skull size and shape in 21 specimens of different sizes, for which size and shape were determined by means of geometric morphometric methods. Results indicate that skull shape variation can hardly be explained by skull size. Several studies have shown unique morphological traits of sloths from mammalian norms, affecting varied phenotypic traits from skeletal parts to soft tissues. This non-allometric scaling of skull form in sloth can be seen as another uniqueness of this taxonomic group.
El perezoso bayo Bradypus variegatus (Schinz, 1825) es un mamífero monomórfico, de ontogenia craneal poco conocida. En este estudio analizamos la alometría estática entre tamaño y forma, utilizando 21 especímenes diferentes de edades diversas. El tamaño y la forma fueron determinados mediante técnicas de morfometría geométrica. De los resultados obtenidos se desprende que la variación en la forma craneal queda muy poco explicada por la variación en el tamaño. Muchos estudios han señalado características morfológicas únicas en los perezosos en relación al resto de mamíferos, características fenotípicas que van de la estructura esquelética a tejidos blandos. En este caso, el escalado no alométrico del cráneo debería ser visto como otra característica única de este grupo taxonómico.
https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2019.v75.242
028807
0367-5041
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/66666
Allometry
Choloepus
Three-toed sloth
Two-toed sloth
Xenarthra
Non-allometric variation in the Brown-Thorated sloth Bradypus variegatus (Schinz, 1825) skull (Mammalia, Pilosa, Bradypodidade)
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/487682017-03-10T09:57:32Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Sibila, Marina
author
Aragón, Virginia
author
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José
author
Segalés, Joaquim
author
2014
Background: In this study, four lung lesion scoring methods (Slaughterhouse Pleurisy Evaluation System [SPES], Consolidation Lung Lesion Score [LLS], Image analyses [IA] and Ratio of lung weight/body weight [LW/BW]) were compared for the assessment of the different pathological outcomes derived from an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) experimental infection model. Moreover, pathological data was coupled with clinical (fever, inappetence and clinical score), production (average daily weigh gain [ADWG]) and diagnostic (PCR, ELISA and bacterial isolation) parameters within the four infection outcomes (peracute, acute, subclinically infected and non-infected). Results: From the 61 inoculated animals, 9 were classified as peracute (presence of severe App-like clinical signs and lesions and sudden death or euthanasia shortly after inoculation), 31 as acutely affected (presence of App-like clinical signs and lesions and survival until the end of the experiment), 12 as subclinically infected (very mild or no clinical signs but App infection confirmed) and 9 as non-infected animals (lack of App-like clinical signs and lack of evidence of App infection). A significant correlation between all lung lesion scoring systems was found with the exception of SPES score versus LW/BW. SPES showed a statistically significant association with all clinical, production and diagnostic (with the exception of PCR detection of App in the tonsil) variables assessed. LLS and IA showed similar statistically significant associations as SPES, with the exception of seroconversion against App at necropsy. In contrast, LW/BW was statistically associated only with App isolation in lungs, presence of App-like lesions and ELISA OD values at necropsy. Conclusions: In conclusion, SPES, LLS and IA are economic, fast and easy-to-perform lung scoring methods that, in combination with different clinical and diagnostic parameters, allow the characterization of different outcomes after App infection.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-10-165
021202
1746-6148
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/48768
Comparison of four lung scoring systems for the assessment of the pathological outcomes derived from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae experimental infections
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/715242021-07-01T00:09:22Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242com_10459.1_186col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_311
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Colomer, M. Àngels (Maria Àngels)
author
Margalida, Antoni
author
Alòs, Francesc
author
Oliva-Vidal, Pilar
author
Vilella, Anna
author
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José
author
2021
A new bioinspired computational model was developed for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using the available epidemiological information, high-resolution population density data, travel patterns, and the average number of contacts between people. The effectiveness of control measures such as contact reduction measures, closure of communities (lockdown), protective measures (social distancing, face mask wearing, and hand hygiene), and vaccination were modelled to examine possibilities for control of the disease under several protective vaccination levels in the population. Lockdown and contact reduction measures only delay the spread of the virus in the population because it resumes its previous dynamics as soon as the restrictions are lifted. Nevertheless, these measures are probably useful to avoid hospitals being overwhelmed in the short term. Our model predicted that 56% of the Spanish population would have been infected and subsequently recovered over a 130 day period if no protective measures were taken but this percentage would have been only 34% if protective measures had been put in place. Moreover, this percentage would have been further reduced to 41.7, 27.7, and 13.3% if 25, 50 and 75% of the population had been vaccinated, respectively. Finally, this percentage would have been even lower at 25.5, 12.1 and 7.9% if 25, 50 and 75% of the population had been vaccinated in combination with the application of protective measures, respectively. Therefore, a combination of protective measures and vaccination would be highly efficacious in decreasing not only the number of those who become infected and subsequently recover, but also the number of people who die from infection, which falls from 0.41% of the population over a 130 day period without protective measures to 0.15, 0.08 and 0.06% if 25, 50 and 75% of the population had been vaccinated in combination with protective measures at the same time, respectively.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147816
031302
0048-9697
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/71524
COVID-19
Vaccination
Pandemic management
Pandemic control measures
Modelling the SARS-COV-2 outbreak: assessing the usefulness of protective measures to reduce the pandemic at population level
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/571742021-08-30T15:04:28Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Almería, S.
author
Nogareda, Carmina
author
Santolaria Blasco, Pilar
author
García Ispierto, Irina
author
Yániz Pérez de Albéniz, Jesús
author
López Gatius, Fernando
author
2009
Gamma interferon (IFN-g) production has been attributed a protective role against
abortion in Neospora-infected dairy cows. This study investigate possible relationships
between plasma levels of the N. caninum-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes IgG1 and
IgG2 and IFN-g production throughout gestation in dairy cows naturally infected with the
parasite. Data were obtained from 31 pregnant Neospora-seropositive animals. Blood
samples were collected on gestation days 40, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 or until abortion.
Ten pregnancies ended in abortion. One of the 11 cows producing IFN-g suffered abortion
(9.1% of the cows producing IFN-g). Non-aborting cows producing IFN-g (n = 10) showed a
significantly higher IgG2/IgG1 antibody ratio throughout the gestation period than cows
not producing IFN-g (n = 11). A significant negative effect of IFN-g production on IgG1
antibodies was also observed, while IFN-g production did not affect IgG2 antibody levels.
In contrast, higher levels of IgG2 antibodies compared to IgG1 antibodies were observed
over the whole of gestation in aborting animals, both in those not producing IFN-g and in
the single aborting cow that produced the cytokine. Our findings indicate that a Th1
immune response, in which IgG2 antibodies prevail, could be protective against N.
caninum abortion, but only in the presence of IFN-g production. On their own, elevated
IgG2 antibody titres appear to be insufficient to protect dams chronically infected with N.
caninum against abortion.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.01.003
014027
0165-2427
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/57174
Neospora caninum
IgG1 antibodies
IgG2 antibodies
IFN-gamma
Specific anti-Neospora caninum IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses during gestation in naturally infected cattle and their relationship with gamma interferon production
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/487032019-02-18T12:22:19Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
García Ispierto, Irina
author
López Gatius, Fernando
author
2014
This study compares in two experiments the responses of lactating dairy cows to four different progesterone-based protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in terms of their effects on follicular/luteal dynamics and fertility. The protocols consisted of a progesterone intravaginal device fitted for five days, along with the administration of different combinations of gonadotropin releasing hormone, equine chorionic gonadotropin and a single or double dose (24 h apart) of prostaglandin F2α. In Experiment I, the data were derived from 232 lactating cows. Binary logistic regression identified no effects of treatment on ovulation failure or multiple ovulation 10 days post artificial insemination (AI). Based on the odds ratio, the likelihood of ovulation failure was lower (by a factor of 0.1) in cows showing at least one corpus luteum (CL) upon treatment than in cows lacking a CL; repeat breeders (> 3 AI) and cows with multiple CLs at treatment showed lower (by a factor of 0.44) and higher (by a factor of 9.0) risks of multiple ovulation, respectively, than the remaining animals. In Experiment II, the data were derived from 5173 AIs. The independent variable treatment failed to affect the conception rate 28–34 days post AI, twin pregnancy or early fetal loss 58–64 days post AI. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of 5-day progesterone-based protocols for FTAI. All four protocols examined were able to induce ovulation in both cyclic and non-cyclic animals so that FTAI returned a similar pregnancy rate to spontaneous estrus. Our results suggest that the ovarian response and fertility resulting from each treatment are due more to the effect of ovarian structures at treatment than to the different combinations of hormones investigated.
https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2014-063
0916-8818
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/48703
Bovine
eCG
Hormone treatment
Synchronization protocols
Twin pregnancy
Effects of different five-day progesterone-based fixed-time AI protocols on follicular/luteal dynamics and fertility in dairy cows
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/653152018-12-14T00:23:08Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Vilaró, Teresa
author
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
1994
020092
2339-8868
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/65315
Promoció del gos d'atura
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4639942023-09-19T03:00:23Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Valente, Bruno D.
author
Campos, Gustavo de los
author
Grueneberg, Alexander
author
Chen, Ching-Yi
author
Ros Freixedes, Roger
author
Herring, William O.
author
2023-08-07
Background
Most genomic prediction applications in animal breeding use genotypes with tens of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, modern sequencing technologies and imputation algorithms can generate ultra-high-density genotypes (including millions of SNPs) at an affordable cost. Empirical studies have not produced clear evidence that using ultra-high-density genotypes can significantly improve prediction accuracy. However, (whole-genome) prediction accuracy is not very informative about the ability of a model to capture the genetic signals from specific genomic regions. To address this problem, we propose a simple methodology that detects chromosome regions for which a specific model (e.g., single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP)) may fail to fully capture the genetic signal present in such segments a phenomenon that we refer to as signal leakage. We propose to detect regions with evidence of signal leakage by testing the association of residuals from a pedigree or a genomic model with SNP genotypes. We discuss how this approach can be used to map regions with signals that are poorly captured by a model and to identify strategies to fix those problems (e.g., using a different prior or increasing marker density). Finally, we explored the proposed approach to scan for signal leakage of different models (pedigree-based, ssGBLUP, and various Bayesian models) applied to growth-related phenotypes (average daily gain and backfat thickness) in pigs.
Results
We report widespread evidence of signal leakage for pedigree-based models. Including a percentage of animals with SNP data in ssGBLUP reduced the extent of signal leakage. However, local peaks of missed signals remained in some regions, even when all animals were genotyped. Using variable selection priors solves leakage points that are caused by excessive shrinkage of marker effects. Nevertheless, these models still miss signals in some regions due to low linkage disequilibrium between the SNPs on the array used and causal variants. Thus, we discuss how such problems could be addressed by adding sequence SNPs from those regions to the prediction model.
Conclusions
Residual single-marker regression analysis is a simple approach that can be used to detect regional genomic signals that are poorly captured by a model and to indicate ways to fix such problems.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-023-00830-1
033403
0999-193X
https://repositori.udl.cat/handle/10459.1/463994
Using residual regressions to quantify and map signal leakage in genomic prediction
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/681202024-02-09T12:19:59Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Sánchez‐González, Jorge Rubén
author
Arbonés, Amadeu
author
Casals i Martí, Frederic
author
2020-02-04
Length–weight relationships (LWRs), condition factors, and their variation over time were analyzed for four exotic freshwater fish (bleak, common carp, pikeperch, and roach) in the Estany d’Ivars i Vila-sana shallow lake in Catalonia, Northern Spain. Fish samples were collected twice a year (early summer and autumn), between 2008 and 2016, by using between three and five multi-mesh nylon gillnets. This study provides novel information about four common exotic fishes outside of their natural range and within the context of a restored shallow lake, where the ichthyologic community is evolving in concordance with the ecosystem conditions and the fish community dynamics.
https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes5010007
033923
2410-3888
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/68120
Alien invasive species
Length–weight relationships
Long‐term monitoring
Condition factor
Variation over time of length–weight relationships and condition factors for four exotic fish species from a restored shallow lake in NE Iberian Peninsula
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/585322021-08-30T15:04:33Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
López Gatius, Fernando
author
Mirzaei, A.
author
Santolaria Blasco, Pilar
author
Bech Sàbat, Gregori
author
Nogareda, Carmina
author
García Ispierto, Irina
author
Hanzen, Ch.
author
Yániz Pérez de Albéniz, Jesús
author
2008
This study was designed to examine estrous response rates to the therapeutic treatment of clinical anestrus in high producing
dairy cows and to identify the factors that could affect these rates. Cows with silent ovulation (Subestrus group), cystic ovarian
disease (Cyst group) or ovarian hypofunction (OH group) were given specific treatment for their disorder. Data were derived from
1764 treatments in cows producing a mean of 45.4 kg of milk upon treatment including: 889 subestrous cows, 367 cystic cows and
508 cows with ovarian hypofunction. Cows showing estrus following treatment exhibited a similar pregnancy rate to cows attaining
natural estrus used as reference: 33% (337/1006) and 35% (626/1796), respectively. No significant differences in pregnancy rates
were observed among the Subestrus, Cyst and OH groups (34% (196/571), 34% (44/130), 32% (97/305), respectively. Based on the
odds ratio, an estrous response for all groups was less likely to occur in cows that had suffered previous anestrus, compared to cows
that were anestrous for the first time, whereas the likelihood of an estrous response increased in cows treated after 90 days in milk.
Our results indicate that previous anestrus and a late stage of lactation can have a negative and positive effect, respectively, on the
estrous response to the specific treatment of clinical anestrus shown by high producing dairy cows. Treatment targeted at each type
of clinical anestrus can render similar pregnancy rates to those shown by cows in natural estrus.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.01.023
012469
0093-691X
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/58532
Anestrus
Anovulatory follicles
Ovarian cysts
Estrous response
Factors affecting the response to the specific treatment of several forms of clinical anestrus in high producing dairy cows
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/584772021-08-30T15:04:28Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Garcia Migura, Lourdes
author
Hendriksen, Rene S.
author
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José
author
Aarestrup, Frank M.
author
2014
The emergence of resistance in food animals has been associated to the consumption of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine. Consequently, monitoring programs have been designed to monitor the occurrence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. This study analyses the amount of antimicrobial agents used in nine European countries from 2005 to 2011, and compares by univariate analysis the correlations between consumptions of each of the following antimicrobial classes; tetracycline, penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones and macrolides. An overview of resistance in zoonotic and commensal bacteria in Europe focusing on Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter sp. and Enterococcus sp., during the same period of time based on monitoring programs is also assessed. With the exception of cephalosporins, linear regressions showed strong positive associations between the consumption of the four different antimicrobial classes. Substantial differences between countries were observed in the amount of antimicrobials used to produce 1 kg of meat. Moreover, large variations in proportions of resistant bacteria were reported by the different countries, suggesting differences in veterinary practice. Despite the withdrawn of a specific antimicrobial from “on farm” use, persistence over the years of bacteria resistant to this particular antimicrobial agent, was still observed. There were also differences in trends of resistance associated to specific animal species. In order to correlate the use of antimicrobial agents to the presence of resistance, surveillance of antimicrobial consumption by animal species should be established. Subsequently, intervention strategies could be designed to minimize the occurrence of resistance.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.013
019388
0378-1135
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/58477
Consumption
Antimicrobial resistance
Salmonella
Escherichia coli
Antimicrobial resistance of zoonotic and commensal bacteria in Europe: the missing link between consumption and resistance in veterinary medicine
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/600122023-02-10T18:48:11Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Cortés Lacruz, Xavier
author
Revilla, Ricardo
author
Casasús Pueyo, Isabel
author
Sanz Pascua, Albina
author
Ferrer, J.
author
Banzo, P.
author
Villalba Mata, Daniel
author
2017
El objetivo principal del trabajo fue estudiar la componente genética y ambiental del carácter facilidad
de parto en la raza bovina Parda de Montaña y discutir el sistema de valoración utilizado en el esquema
de mejora. Se utilizaron registros de facilidad de parto de 5.738 animales. La evaluación y estimación ge-
nética de las variables se realizó con un modelo bi-carácter (facilidad de parto y peso al nacimiento) uti-
lizando cuatro modelos diferentes, asumiendo para la facilidad de parto una distribución normal o me-
diante un modelo umbral, e incluyendo o no efectos maternos. La proporción de partos sin ayuda fue
del 70,3%, seguida de los partos asistidos sin dificultad (24,9%), de los partos asistidos con dificultad
(3,1%), de los partos por cesárea (0,9%) y por último, de los partos con asistencia veterinaria (0,8%). Las
frecuencias de partos difíciles y por cesárea en las vacas de primer parto fueron el doble y el cuádruple,
respectivamente, que en el resto. Las vacas con primer parto antes de los dos años de edad tuvieron el
doble de partos difíciles y por cesárea que las que parieron a partir de los dos años y medio de edad. Aun-
que las heredabilidades de la facilidad de parto fueron muy diferentes entre los dos modelos, ambos fue-
ron equivalentes para evaluar genéticamente el carácter facilidad de parto, con una correlación de Spe-
arman entre las estimas de valor genético de los dos modelos de 0,95. El actual sistema de codificación
del carácter facilidad de parto utilizado en el esquema de selección puede ser simplificado y mejorado.
https://doi.org/10.12706/itea.2017.010
026382
2386-3765
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/60012
Vaca nodriza
Heredabilidad
Modelo umbral
Efectos maternos
Evaluación genética de la facilidad de parto en la raza bovina Parda de Montaña usando los modelos lineal y umbral
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/651692019-11-25T09:59:23Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Argemí i Armengol, Immaculada
author
Villalba Mata, Daniel
author
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
2018-10-01
Este estudio se planteó para proponer una estrategia de alimentación de
porcino ecológico, en las diferentes fases fisiológicas, usando ingredientes
locales ecológicos. A partir del valor nutritivo de cereales (n = 22), subproductos
de cereales (n = 4) y concentrados de proteína vegetal (n = 25)
se formularon dietas para las fases de lactación, gestación, lechones, crecimiento
y acabado, ajustadas a las recomendaciones nutricionales españolas
(FEDNA, convencional) y francesas (ITAB-IFIP, ecológicas). Solo en
el caso de las recomendaciones francesas se han podido formular dietas
prescindiendo de la soja y utilizando fuentes proteicas adaptadas al clima
mediterráneo (alverjón, habas, guisantes y alholva) y cereales (centeno, trigo,
cebada y triticale). En la valoración económica de las dietas (compra
frente a autoproducción), resultaría más rentable un modelo de negocio con
integración agropecuaria. Sería recomendable incrementar el porcentaje de
forraje en algunas dietas de porcino (gestantes y engorde) y autoproducir
una parte de los ingredientes.
This study was designed to propose an organic pig feeding strategy, in the
different physiological phases, from organic local ingredients. From the nutritive
value of cereals (n = 22), by-products of cereals (n = 4) and vegetable
protein concentrates (n = 25) diets were formulated for the phases of lactation,
pregnancy, piglets, growth and finishing, adjusted to the Spanish (FEDNA,
conventional) and French (ITAB-IFIP, organic) nutritional recommendations.
Diets have been formulated without soy when using French standards,
using protein sources adapted to the Mediterranean climate (Narbonne vetch,
beans, peas, and fenugreek) and cereals (rye, wheat, barley and triticale). In
the economic valuation of the diets (purchase or self-production), a business
model that integrates agriculture and livestock would be more profitable. It
would be advisable to increase the percentage of forage in some pig diets
(pregnant and fattening) and self-produce a part of the ingredients.
027289
1699-7867
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/65169
Nuevas estrategias de alimentación en el porcino ecológico
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/474782017-08-02T11:12:13Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2013
Few previous studies have explored caprine skulls using geometric morphometric (GM) methods, which enable the quantitative analysis and visualisation of shape changes in skeletal elements and provide an important compliment to traditional lineal analyses. The aim of this research is to determine whether GM techniques can provide insights into how the shape of the goat skull differs between horned and polled animals, focusing on the differences between the dorsal aspects of the neurocranium. Fourteen skulls (4 polled and 10 horned) skulls from adult goats belonging to different breeds were studied. From the obtained results, neither the size nor shape showed statistically significant differences between polled and horned skulls. As animal"s functional capabilities are influenced by the presence of horns (if horns must function as shock absorbers, protecting the brain from blows during intraspecific combat, it would seem that some differences in shape and/or size should be detected), it seems plausible to assume that landmarks located on the dorsal aspect of the neurocranium are not useful to detect those differences between horned and polled goats.
021135
2249-8516
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/47478
Capra hircus
Horn
Neurocranium
Skull morphometry
Geometric morphometric on dorsal aspect of skull does not differences between horned and polled domestic goats
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/603302017-10-24T13:39:30Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_47453com_10459.1_239col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_59998col_10459.1_10984
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Oromí Farrús, Neus
author
Jové Font, Mariona
author
Pascual Pons, Mariona
author
Royo Sánchez-Palencia, José Luis
author
Rocaspana, Rafel
author
Aparicio, Enric
author
Pamplona Gras, Reinald
author
Palau, Antoni
author
Sanuy i Castells, Delfí
author
Fibla Palazón, Joan
author
Portero Otín, Manuel
author
2017
The mechanisms that can contribute in the fish movement strategies and the associated behaviour can be complex and related to the physiology, genetic and ecology of each species. In the case of the brown trout (Salmo trutta), in recent research works, individual differences in mobility have been observed in a population living in a high mountain river reach (Pyrenees, NE Spain). The population is mostly sedentary but a small percentage of individuals exhibit a mobile behavior, mainly upstream movements. Metabolomics can reflect changes in the physiological process and can determine different profiles depending on behaviour. Here, a non-targeted metabolomics approach was used to find possible changes in the blood metabolomic profile of S. trutta related to its movement behaviour, using a minimally invasive sampling. Results showed a differentiation in the metabolomic profiles of the trouts and different level concentrations of some metabolites (e.g. cortisol) according to the home range classification (pattern of movements: sedentary or mobile). The change in metabolomic profiles can generally occur during the upstream movement and probably reflects the changes in metabolite profile from the non-mobile season to mobile season. This study reveals the contribution of the metabolomic analyses to better understand the behaviour of organisms.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181697
025861
1932-6203
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/60330
Differential metabolic profiles associated to movement behaviour of stream-resident brown trout (Salmo trutta)
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/656432020-12-14T14:59:28Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Cabello, Maria
author
Gana Gambo, Baba
author
Samuel, Michael Oluwale
author
Olukayode Olopade, James
author
2018-12-01
Directional asymmetry (DA) appears when the left and right body sides differ consistently from each other. This asymmetry is characterized as a type of natural asymmetry typical of the population's biology, which can be derived both from genetic inheritance, as of the functional importance acquired by certain features with respect to the environment in which they develop. We report here preliminary findings that for the first time to quantify size asymmetry mandibles of companion rabbits. A total sample of 64 companion rabbits from the same farm were studied by means of geometric morphometric techniques. The mandible morphology was described by a set of 18 landmarks and semil and marks on the lateral aspect. Tests showed paired differences with variations in distributions, demonstrating a DA in favour of left mandibular side. The detected unilaterality could be interpreted as a manifestation of lateralized masticatory activity. This is a first time report to quantify size asymmetry in this species.
028222
2637-5354
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/65643
Craniometry
Dwarf rabbit
Laterality
Paedomorphy
Peromorphy
Bilateral Asymmetry Favours the Left Hemimandibular Side in Companion Rabbits
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4650722024-03-01T11:20:38Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_68143col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_68144
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Banha, F.
author
Gago , J.
author
Margalejo, D.
author
Feijão, J.
author
Casals i Martí, Frederic
author
Anastácio , P.M.
author
Ribeiro, F.
author
2024
It is globally recognized that freshwater anglers can have a decisive role in promoting fish introductions. The aim of this study was to analyze freshwater anglers’ actions and perceptions regarding fish introductions, comparing two distinct situations, one with recently arrived non-natives fishes and another with older fish introductions, using the Iberian Peninsula as a case study. To achieve this goal, a bilingual survey was implemented on-line in Portugal and Spain and in person (direct inquiries) in two Iberian regions: Lower Ebro (older fish introductions) in Spain; and Lower Tagus (recent fish introductions) in Portugal. Results showed spatial differences in perceptions and actions, namely about the target species, awareness of the impact of non-native fishes, fish introductions reported and proportion of anglers that wanted new fish species. In the Ebro river there is a high percentage of foreign anglers, higher awareness of fish introduction impact and lower introduction rates reported than in the Tagus river. However, popularity of non-native species like European catfish, was higher in the Ebro. In general, although risk behaviors such as use of fish as life bait was of low prevalence for both countries (approx. 5%), it corresponds to large numbers of fish being introduced. Our conservative estimates revealed 273,600 events of bait discharge per year. Regarding the intentional introductions, we estimated a total of 140,000 intentional introduction (illegal) events per year. These findings may help to improve monitoring, awareness and fisheries management programs led by governmental agencies. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-023-09819-x
033926
https://repositori.udl.cat/handle/10459.1/465072
Biological invasions
Freshwaters
Iberian Peninsula
Angler’s preferences, perceptions and practices regarding non-native freshwater fish
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/717782023-03-06T18:32:31Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
García Jiménez, Ruth
author
Morales-Reyes, Zebensui
author
Pérez García, Juan Manuel
author
Margalida, Antoni
author
2021
Nature's contributions to people (NCP) are fundamental to human well-being. In particular, non-material NCP,
defined as effects on personal perspectives which enhance people's quality of life, are currently the most abstract
and least well-defined NCP. Avian scavengers are a globally threatened guild that plays a key role in our society
but currently only valued for their NCP of disease control and carcass removal. We describe the first economic
valuation of the recreational and educational experiences brought by avian scavenger-based tourism in Spain,
concretely, at vulture supplementary feeding sites (SFS) in the Pyrenees and their important contribution to the
incomes of the local human population. Between February 2018 and January 2020, we collected information on
the management and characteristics of 53 (c. 80%) of the Pyrenean SFS using telephone interviews and questionnaires. We estimated that photography and avian scavenger-watching at SFS produce an average of US $4.90
± 2.67 million annually, including US $2.53 ± 1.36 million in direct economic benefits to the local population.
Using a conservative economic approach, this study is one of only a few to value some of the important nonmaterial contribution provided by avian scavengers to our society. Our study also suggests that further
research on non-material NCP provided by avian scavengers at SFS is needed. Finally, we discuss the delicate
balance between recreational experiences arising from wildlife-based tourism and biodiversity conservation,
contrasting the contribution of SFS to the income of local human populations against the problems they raise for
vulture conservation.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107088
0921-8009
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/71778
Conservation economics
Cultural ecosystem services
Ecotourism
Vulture restaurant
Vultures
Economic valuation of non-material contributions to people provided by avian scavengers: Harmonizing conservation and wildlife-based tourism
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/684332020-04-15T00:10:18Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ros Freixedes, Roger
author
Whalen, Andrew
author
Chen, Ching-Yi
author
Gorjanc, Gregor
author
Herring, William O.
author
Mileham, Alan J.
author
Hickey, John M.
author
2020-04-06
Background: The coupling of appropriate sequencing strategies and imputation methods is critical for assembling large whole-genome sequence datasets from livestock populations for research and breeding. In this paper, we describe and validate the coupling of a sequencing strategy with the imputation method hybrid peeling in real animal breeding settings. Methods: We used data from four pig populations of different size (18,349 to 107,815 individuals) that were widely genotyped at densities between 15,000 and 75,000 markers genome-wide. Around 2% of the individuals in each population were sequenced (most of them at 1× or 2× and 37-92 individuals per population, totalling 284, at 15-30×). We imputed whole-genome sequence data with hybrid peeling. We evaluated the imputation accuracy by removing the sequence data of the 284 individuals with high coverage, using a leave-one-out design. We simulated data that mimicked the sequencing strategy used in the real populations to quantify the factors that affected the individual-wise and variant-wise imputation accuracies using regression trees. Results: Imputation accuracy was high for the majority of individuals in all four populations (median individual-wise dosage correlation: 0.97). Imputation accuracy was lower for individuals in the earliest generations of each population than for the rest, due to the lack of marker array data for themselves and their ancestors. The main factors that determined the individual-wise imputation accuracy were the genotyping status, the availability of marker array data for immediate ancestors, and the degree of connectedness to the rest of the population, but sequencing coverage of the relatives had no effect. The main factors that determined variant-wise imputation accuracy were the minor allele frequency and the number of individuals with sequencing coverage at each variant site. Results were validated with the empirical observations. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the coupling of an appropriate sequencing strategy and hybrid peeling is a powerful strategy for generating whole-genome sequence data with high accuracy in large pedigreed populations where only a small fraction of individuals (2%) had been sequenced, mostly at low coverage. This is a critical step for the successful implementation of whole-genome sequence data for genomic prediction and fine-mapping of causal variants
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-020-00536-8
029909
0999-193X
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/68433
Accuracy of whole-genome sequence imputation using hybrid peeling in large pedigreed livestock populations
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4644122023-11-08T03:00:24Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Armengol Gelonch, Ramon
author
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo
author
Bach, Àlex
author
2023
Dairy farms need thorough and efficient reproduction control. Consultants specialized in reproduction use key performance indicators (KPI) to monitor the reproductive performance of farms and must be able to decipher between the approach in a first visit and routine visits. A total of 49 consultants specialized in dairy reproduction from 21 countries responded to an online survey conducted to determine the most suitable parameters during routine visits every 2 to 4 weeks. The survey was comprised of 190 questions, 178 of them rated from 0 (irrelevant) to 10 (maximum importance) points. The questions were divided into five sections: (1) consultant and farm model, (2) general data of the farm, (3) cow reproduction, (4) postpartum and metabolic disease, and (5) heifer reproduction. The median, interquartile range, minimum and maximum values, and 95% confidence interval were determined for each question. Afterward, a multivariate analysis, using between-group linkage via Ward's hierarchical clustering was conducted to generate clusters of consultants according to their response pattern. Finally, a chi-square test was conducted to assess the association between years of experience of the consultant and farm size within the clusters generated in each section of the questionnaire. The majority of the consultants considered 34 parameters to be highly important (rated 8–10) to analyze during routine visits. The consultants used several KPI (in variable quantitative range) to evaluate any of the presented sections and considered that all the five sections are critical to control. They are aware of using KPI that reflect heat detection, fertility, and farming efficiency as well as KPI that can provide information on reproductive efficiency in the near future for cows, such as postpartum and metabolic diseases. However, parameters that are relatively old and ineffective, in terms of reproductive performance control, are still highly regarded by the majority of consultants in a routine-visit scenario. Farm size and years of experience of the consultant did not influence the type or number of parameters chosen as KPI during routine visits. The parameters rated with the highest importance (rate 10) that could be considered for an easy, fast, and universal use in routine visits to assess the reproductive status were: First service CR (%), Overall pregnancy rate (%) for cows, and age at first calving (d) for heifers.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1165184
033217
2297-1769
https://repositori.udl.cat/handle/10459.1/464412
Reproductive performance
Routine visit
Survey
Dairy cattle consultant
Key performance indicator
Key performance indicators used by dairy consultants during the evaluation of reproductive performance during routine visits
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/481262020-07-13T10:30:16Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Marmi, J.
author
Jordana i Vidal, Jordi
author
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2007
The conservation program of the Aranesa sheep breed, which is carried out by the Departament d"Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, started in the 2004. Within this program, we analysed the genetic diversity of the breed using 13 microsatellite markers. We genotyped 170 animals belonging to 12 localities around the Val d"Aran region. The obtained values of heterozygosity were high (Ho= 0.684±0.046; He= 0.740±0.031). The deficit of heterozygotes (approximated inbreeding estimation), obtained for the entire breed was approximately 7% (FIT= 0.071±0.038). These results suggest that, the Aranesa sheep breed still conserves relatively high levels of genetic variability and, as a whole, it shows low consanguinity, although its endangered status.
015291
0004-0592
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/48126
Genètica animal
Races locals
oví
Análisis genético de la raza ovina aranesa con marcadores microsatélite
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4649542024-02-02T03:00:25Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Prado, Patricia
author
Roque, Ana
author
Pérez, Josu
author
Ibáñez, Carles
author
Alcaraz, Carles
author
Casals i Martí, Frederic
author
Caiola, Nuno
author
2016-03
The combined effects of temperature and seawater acidification were investigated across larval stages of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis, from veliger sizes released by gravid individuals to spat. Simultaneous experiments were also conducted to investigate the potential effects of reduced pH levels on bacterial growth that could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of seawater acidification on larval mortality. Larvae (veliger, umbonate, and pediveliger) and spat were exposed to 4 temperatures (18, 22, 26, and 30°C) and 4 pH treatments (7.83-7.92 [ambient], low-reduced, medium-reduced, and high-reduced), and the 4 pH treatments were also used in bacterial experiments. Results showed increased larval mortalities at 30°C (by ca. 49 and 44% in veliger and umbonate stages, respectively), although there was also a bottleneck in pediveligers from 22 to 30°C and no effects on spat. In contrast, the survival of veligers increased with pH reductions by ca. 26%, and was marginally increased in pediveligers despite high mortality at this stage. No shell malformations were observed at any larval stage or in spat, and growth patterns tended to mirror those of survival. This coincided with lower bacterial growth, particularly of Vibrio spp., in the 2 lowest pH treatments, suggesting that seawater acidification may help to prevent bacterial pathogenicity in O. edulis larvae. Compared to available information on the vulnerability of other commercial bivalves to ocean acidification, our results suggest that O. edulis could be a more resilient species; however, further research is needed to investigate the potential effects on gravid females and sperm.
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11618
026590
0171-8630
https://repositori.udl.cat/handle/10459.1/464954
Climate change
Calcification
CO2
Ocean acidification
Bacterial growth
Oyster larvae
Mediterranean
Warming and acidification-mediated resilience to bacterial infection determine mortality of early Ostrea edulis life stages
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/586912021-08-30T14:56:39Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Monleón Moscardó, Eva
author
Garza, María Carmen
author
Sarasa, Rocío
author
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
Bolea, Rosa
author
Monzón, Marta
author
Vargas, M. Antonia
author
Badiola, Juan José
author
Acín, Cristina
author
2011
In classical scrapie, detection of PrPsc on lymphoreticular system is used for the in vivo and
post mortem diagnosis of the disease. However, the sensitivity of this methodology is not
well characterised because the magnitude and duration of lymphoid tissue involvement
can vary considerably. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of
detecting PrPsc in rectal mucosa and third-eyelid biopsies. A total of 474 genetically
susceptible sheep and 24 goats from three scrapie infected flocks were included in this
study. A sample from rectal mucosa and a sample from third-eyelid lymphoid tissue were
collected from each animal. Biopsy samples were fixed in formaldehyde and processed for
immunohistochemical examination. Animals with negative biopsy results were studied
more closely through a post mortem examination of central nervous and lymphoreticular
systems and if there was a positive result, additional biopsy sections were further tested.
The sensitivity of rectal mucosa and third-eyelid assays were 36% and 40% respectively on
initial examination but increased to 48% and 44% respectively after retesting. The results of
this field study show a high percentage of infected animals that do not have detectable
levels of PrPsc in the biopsied lymphoid tissue, duemainly to the relatively high number of
animals with minimal or no involvement of lymphoid tissue in the pathogenesis of the
disease.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.06.028
015485
0378-1135
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/58691
Scrapie
Diagnosis
Lymphoid tissue
An assessment of the efficiency of PrPsc detection in rectal mucosa and third-eyelid biopsies from animals infected with scrapie
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/716902022-06-03T14:01:02Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Balcells Terés, Joaquim
author
Fuertes Gimeno, Esperanza
author
Seradj, Ahmad Reza
author
Maynegre Santaulària, Jordi
author
Villalba Mata, Daniel
author
de la Fuente Oliver, Gabriel
author
2020
031159
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/71690
Balance de nitrógeno en dos sistemas de alojamiento en vacas lecheras cubículos vs cama compostante
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/676352022-10-27T09:55:29Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Morazán Nuñez, Henris Jobany
author
Seradj, Ahmad Reza
author
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
Abecia, Leticia
author
Babot Gaspa, Daniel
author
Yañez-Ruiz, David R.
author
Balcells Terés, Joaquim
author
2015-01
Artificial slurry (4% dry matter) was prepared using fresh feces and urine obtained from four pregnant sows fed with commercial diet. Freeze-dried dairy cattle feces were used (external archaea) as co-inoculum (Co-i) and structural carbohydrates (CHO: apple pulp; sugar beet pulp; and wheat straw) as substrates. Bottles were incubated (39 +/- 1 degrees C for 56 days), and the gas production was measured (mbar) and converted to the volume. A sample of produced gas was taken and analyzed for methane concentration using a gas chromatography. Bottles were opened at days 0, 25, and 56 to determine total bacteria, total, and hydrogenotrophic methanogens archaea (HMA) concentrations using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and population biodiversity using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Incubation time reduced the titers of total bacteria and archaea (P<0.01) but did not modify HMA population. Doses of Co-i showed a positive correlation with HMA titers, although interacted with an incubation period (P<0.001); at 5% Co-inoculation, total bacteria decreased significantly (0-25 days) but remained steady until day 56 (P>0.05), whereas at 10% Co inoculation, titers decreased constantly. Most of the archaeal DGGE bands were observed in all samples, suggesting a common microbial population origin but Co-i supply altered the DGGE structure of archaea populations
https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.11952
022611
1944-7442
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/67635
Archaea
Biodiversity
Methane
Slurry
Effect of slurry dilution, structural carbohydrates, and exogenous archaea supply on in vitro anaerobe fermentation and methanogens population of swine slurry
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4640102023-09-22T03:00:27Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Pelegrin-Valls, Jonathan
author
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
Martín-Alonso, María José
author
Aquilué, Beatriz
author
Serrano, Beatriz
author
2023-08-11
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pulp and warm season on gastrointestinal morphological parameters, immune-redox defences and coccidiosis in concentrate-fed light lambs. Weaned lambs were assigned to one of three concentrate-based diets: C0 (without carob pulp), C15 (150 g/kg of carob pulp) and C30 (300 g/kg of carob pulp) from 40 to 80 days of age in two consecutive cold and warm batches. Blood samples were collected at Day 80 to determine the metabolic status. Rectal faeces were sampled at Days 50, 65 and 80 to determine consistency and oocyst count per gram. Inclusion of carob pulp in lamb diets did not affect lamb growth but reduced coccidia oocyst excretion, improved faecal consistency and gastrointestinal morphological parameters, enhancing the ruminal thickness of the papilla living strata and reducing the darkness of the epithelium colour. Moreover, carob condensed tannins in the lambs' diet enhanced the expression of antioxidant SOD2 in rumen, while down-regulated NRF2, SOD1, CAT and PPARG in ileum. There was no interaction between the treatments and season in the evaluated variables. Lambs from the warm season exhibited reduced growth performance, altered ruminal epithelium, lower circulating iron levels, increased protein concentrations and higher coccidiosis susceptibility. In addition, regulatory immune and antioxidant mechanisms to counterbalance reactive oxygen species production in gastrointestinal tissues were evident. Dietary inclusion of carob pulp (150 and 300 g/kg) in lamb diets improved gastrointestinal health and homeostasis but did not ameliorate the deleterious effects of warm season.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104969
033423
0034-5288
https://repositori.udl.cat/handle/10459.1/464010
Carob pulp
Coccidiosis
immune response
Antioxidant defences
Impact of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pulp inclusion and warm season on gastrointestinal morphological parameters, immune-redox defences and coccidiosis in concentrate-fed light lambs
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/839602024-03-12T23:16:48Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_44504
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Orquera-Arguero, K.G.
author
Villalba Mata, Daniel
author
Blanco, M.
author
Ferrer, J.
author
Casasús, I.
author
2022
Short-term nutrient restrictions can occur naturally in extensive beef cattle production systems due to low feed quality or availability. The aims of the study were to (1) model the curves of milk yield, plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) contents of beef cows in response to short nutritional challenges throughout lactation; (2) identify clusters of cows with different response profiles; (3) quantify differences in cows’ response between the clusters and lactation stages. Data of BW, body condition score (BCS), milk yield, NEFA, and BHB plasma concentration from 31 adult beef cows (626 ± 48 kg at calving) were used to study the effect of 4-day feed restriction repeated over months 2, 3 and 4 of lactation. On each month, all cows received a single diet calculated to meet the requirements of the average cow: 100 % requirements for 4 days (d-4 to d-1, basal period), 55 % requirements on the next 4 days (d0 to d3, restriction period) and 100 % requirements for 4 days (d4 to d7, refeeding period). Natural cubic splines were used to model the response of milk yield, NEFA and BHB to restriction and refeeding in the 3 months. The new response variables [baseline value, peak value, days to peak and to regain baseline, and areas under the curve (AUC) during restriction and refeeding] were used to cluster cows according to their metabolic response (MR) into two groups: Low MR and High MR. The month of lactation affected all the traits, and basal values decreased as lactation advanced. Cows from both clusters had similar BW and BCS values, but those in the High MR cluster had higher basal milk yield, NEFA and BHB contents, and responded more intensely to restriction, with more marked peaks and AUCs. Reaction times were similar, and baseline values recovered during refeeding in both clusters. Our results suggest that the response was driven by cows’ milk potential rather than size or body reserves, and despite high-responding cattle's higher milk yield, they were able to activate metabolic pathways to respond to and recover from the challenge.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2022.100619
034049
1751-7311
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/83960
Adaptation
Metabolites
Milk yield
Nutritional challenge
Perturbation
Modelling beef cows’ individual response to short nutrient restriction in different lactation stages
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/649792020-02-28T13:13:57Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Cano, Guillermo
author
Hows, Mark
author
Janes, Regina
author
Morillo, Alberto
author
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José
author
2015
Abstract: Background and Objectives: There is a paucity of information about the penetration of antimicrobials in tonsils from pigs with the final goal to eradicate bacteria from this tissue where different microorganisms can survive for long periods of time. The objective of the study was to quantify The Tulathromycin (TT) penetration in tonsils after applying several TT regimen dosages as a first step to check the potential use of this molecule to eradicate bacteria from tonsils. Material and Methods: Animals were randomly divided in four groups (control, T1, T2 and T3) of ten animals in each one. T1, T2 and T3 group received a dose of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg of TT kg-1 body weight (bw) in one shot (Draxxin®), respectively and the control group received 2 mL of serum physiological. The animals were sacrificed by intravenous administration of pentobarbital sodium twenty four hours after finishing the treatment. Tonsils and blood samples were taken at necropsy to obtain serum. Results: The concentration in serum was always significantly lower (p<0.05) than in tonsil for the groups treated with TT. Average TT serum and tonsil concentrations increased significantly (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, the tonsil TT versus serum TT concentration ratio was 5.4, 6.7 and 8.6 for the dose of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg kg-1, respectively. Conclusions: These results pave the way to use this antibiotic to eliminate bacteria from tonsils but additional studies are necessary to define correctly an administration schedule.
https://doi.org/10.5567/pharmacologia.2015.110.113
022411
2044-4648
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/64979
Macrolide
Tonsil concentration
Swine
Dose dependent penetration of tulathromycin in pig tonsils
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4649372024-01-31T03:00:23Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
González Montaña, José Ramiro
author
Martín-Alonso, María José
author
Benech, Alejandro
author
Alonso, Marta E.
author
Alonso, Angel J.
author
Cal-Pereyra, Luis G.
author
2014-08-07
The gastric groove, oesophageal or reticular groove, is an anatomical structure of ruminants that allows liquids to pass directly to the abomasum, without entering the reticulum and rumen. The stimulation of the closure of the gastric groove in adult animals is of great interest in the oral administration of various drugs, the treatment of certain diseases, as well as a better utilization of some types of food.
The aim of this research was to determine the dose of lysine-vasopressin (LVP) that could produce gastric groove closure stimulation in adult sheep with no adverse effects. For this purpose, different i.v. LVP concentrations were tested in sheep (0.1, 0.08 and 0.06 IU/kg BW). Both direct visualization and indirect confirmation (significant increase in glucose blood values after oral glucose solution administration) allowed us to establish that a dose of 0.08 IU/kg BW is able to cause the complete closure of the gastric groove without adverse reactions being demonstrated by the animals. By contrast a dose of LVP of 0.1 IU/kg BW although able to effectively stimulate the gastric groove causes some adverse effects in sheep that discourages its use. A LVP dose of 0.06 IU/kg was not enough to effectively cause the closure of the gastric groove. These side effects were vocalization, restlessness, shivering, slight tachypnea, flatulence and some urination postures.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.07.025
028429
0921-4488
https://repositori.udl.cat/handle/10459.1/464937
Lysine-vasopressin
Gastric groove
Sheep
Glycaemia
Handling the gastric groove closure in adult sheep using lysine-vasopressin
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/697932023-03-06T18:14:44Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Sebastián-González, Esther
author
Morales-Reyes, Zebensui
author
Botella, Francisco
author
Naves-Alegre, Lara
author
Pérez-García, Juan M.
author
Mateo-Tomás, Patricia
author
Olea, Pedro P.
author
Moleón, Marcos
author
Barbosa, Jomar M.
author
Hiraldo, Fernando
author
Arrondo, Eneko
author
Donázar, José A.
author
Cortés-Avizanda, Ainara
author
Selva, Núria
author
Lambertucci, Sergio A.
author
Bhattacharjee, Aishwarya
author
Brewer, Alexis L.
author
Abernethy, Erin F.
author
Turner, Kelsey L.
author
Beasley, James C.
author
DeVault, Travis L.
author
Gerke, Hannah C.
author
Rhodes Jr, Olin E.
author
Ordiz, Andrés
author
Wikenros, Camilla
author
Zimmermann, Barbara
author
Wabakken, Petter
author
Wilmers, Christopher C.
author
Smith, Justine A.
author
Kendall, Corinne J.
author
Ogada, Darcy
author
Frehner, Ethan
author
Allen, Maximilian L.
author
Wittmer, Heiko U.
author
Butler, James R. A.
author
Du Toit, Johan T.
author
Margalida, Antoni
author
Oliva-Vidal, Pilar
author
Wilson, David
author
Jerina, Klemen
author
Krofel, Miha
author
Kostecke, Rich
author
Inger, Richard
author
Per, Esra
author
Ayhan, Yunus
author
Ulusoy, Hasan
author
Vural, Doğanay
author
Inagaki, Akino
author
Koike, Shinsuke
author
Samson, Arockianathan
author
Perrig, Paula L.
author
Spencer, Emma
author
Newsome, Thomas M.
author
Heurich, Marco
author
Anadón, José D.
author
Buechley, Evan R.
author
Sánchez-Zapata, José Antonio
author
2020-05-08
The organization of ecological assemblages has important implications for ecosystem functioning, but little is known about how scavenger communities organize at the global scale. Here, we test four hypotheses on the factors affecting the network structure of terrestrial vertebrate scavenger assemblages and its implications on ecosystem functioning. We expect scavenger assemblages to be more nested (i.e. structured): 1) in species‐rich and productive regions, as nestedness has been linked to high competition for carrion resources, and 2) regions with low human impact, because the most efficient carrion consumers that promote nestedness are large vertebrate scavengers, which are especially sensitive to human persecution. 3) We also expect climatic conditions to affect assemblage structure, because some scavenger assemblages have been shown to be more nested in colder months. Finally, 4) we expect more organized assemblages to be more efficient in the consumption of the resource. We first analyzed the relationship between the nestedness of the scavenger assemblages and climatic variables (i.e. temperature, precipitation, temperature variability and precipitation variability), ecosystem productivity and biomass (i.e. NDVI) and degree of human impact (i.e. human footprint) using 53 study sites in 22 countries across five continents. Then, we related structure (i.e. nestedness) with its function (i.e. carrion consumption rate). We found a more nested structure for scavenger assemblages in regions with higher NDVI values and lower human footprint. Moreover, more organized assemblages were more efficient in the consumption of carrion. However, our results did not support the prediction that the structure of the scavenger assemblages is directly related to climate. Our findings suggest that the nested structure of vertebrate scavenger assemblages affects its functionality and is driven by anthropogenic disturbance and ecosystem productivity worldwide. Disarray of scavenger assemblage structure by anthropogenic disturbance may lead to decreases in functionality of the terrestrial ecosystems via loss of key species and trophic facilitation processes.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05083
1600-0587
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/69793
Carrion
Consumption rate
Ecological networks
Global change
Macroecology
Network structure of vertebrate scavenger assemblages at the global scale: drivers and ecosystem functioning implications
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/723892024-02-12T10:42:31Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_44504
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Garrido Amaro, Cristina
author
Cardona, Paula
author
Gassó Garcia, Diana
author
Arias, Lilibeth
author
Velarde, Roser
author
Tvarijonativiciute, Asta
author
Serrano, Emmanuel
author
Cardona, Pere-Joan
author
2021
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major challenge for humankind. Because regions with the highest incidence also have a high prevalence of helminthiasis and nutritional scarcity, we wanted to understand the impact of these on TB progression.
Methods: We have developed an experimental murine model for active TB in C3HeB/FeJ, coinfected with Trichuris muris and Heligmosomoides polygyrus nematodes, and exposed to an environmental mycobacterium (M. manresensis) and intermittent fasting. Cause-effect relationships among these factors were explored with Partial Least Squares Path modelling (PLSPM).
Results: Previous parasitization had a major anti-inflammatory effect and reduced systemic levels of ADA, haptoglobin, local pulmonary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL-1, CXCL-5 and IL-10. Oral administration of heat-killed M. manresensis resulted in a similar outcome. Both interventions diminished pulmonary pathology and bacillary load, but intermittent food deprivation reduced this protective effect increasing stress and inflammation. The PLSPM revealed nematodes might have protective effects against TB progression.
Conclusions: Significantly higher cortisol levels in food-deprivation groups showed it is a stressful condition, which might explain its deleterious effect. This highlights the impact of food security on TB eradication policies and the need to prioritize food supply over deworming activities.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.627638
033889
1664-3224
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/72389
Co-infection
Trichuris muris
Heligmosomoides polygyrus
Environmental mycobacteria Mycobacterium manresensis
Tuberculosis
Protective effect of intestinal helminthiasis against tuberculosis progression is abrogated by intermittent food deprivation
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/474642019-03-13T14:31:12Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Korzhikenova, N.
author
Sambetbaev, A.
author
Iglikov, O.
author
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2014
The main aim of this study was to estimate phenotypic correlations among live weight, withers height, rump height, chest depth, chest width, thoracic girth, body length, hip widths (between iliac tuberosities and between ischial tuberosities) and forelimb cannon perimeter with antler length measured during the growth of marals on a Kazakh farm. The data comprised 18 animals studied during their growth (at 18 months and at 24 months). In maral, the first period of antler productivity takes place at the age of 24 months. This fact should be taken into account in order to select the best animals for antler production, which is the main purpose for farming this species.
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asimetría en las astas del Ciervo Rojo del Mar Caspio o Maral (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) en dos rebaños de origen genético diferente y mantenidos bajo condiciones similares. Se estudiaron 18 ciervos rojos del mar Caspio (machos) de 24 meses de edad. Nueve de los 18 animales pertenecían a la población nativa de Kazajistán y nueve fueron importados directamente desde Rusia. Se obtuvieron los siguientes datos para las astas derecha e izquierda: peso húmedo, longitud del tallo, circunferencia y primera, segunda y tercera longitud de los cuernos. Para obtener los valores de asimetrías de las astas se registraron las diferencias absolutas entre el valor de cada rasgo, izquierdo y derecho. De acuerdo a los valores obtenidos de las asimetrías, no se registraron diferencias entre ambas poblaciones, tampoco se observaron tendencias direccionales consistentes en el promedio de medidas. El ciervo rojo ruso se ha adaptado bien a las condiciones ambientales y no presentó niveles de estrés ambiental diferentes en relación con los animales nativos de Kazajistán.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022014000200031
021456
0717-9502
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/47464
Phenotipic correlation
Maral
Antler
Morphological traits
Cuerno
Asta
Ciervo
Simetría
A limit for antler length in captive Marals
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4633692023-05-24T08:35:37Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Jang, Sungbong
author
Ros Freixedes, Roger
author
Hickey , John M.
author
Chen, Ching-Yi
author
Herring, William O.
author
Holl, Justin
author
Misztal, Ignacy
author
Lourenco, Daniela
author
2023
Genomic evaluations in pigs could benefit from using multi-line data along with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) if the data are large enough to represent the variability across populations. The objective of this study was to investigate strategies to combine large-scale data from different terminal pig lines in a multi-line genomic evaluation (MLE) through single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) models while including variants preselected from whole-genome sequence (WGS) data. We investigated single-line and multi-line evaluations for five traits recorded in three terminal lines. The number of sequenced animals in each line ranged from 731 to 1,865, with 60k to 104k imputed to WGS. Unknown parent groups (UPG) and metafounders (MF) were explored to account for genetic differences among the lines and improve the compatibility between pedigree and genomic relationships in the MLE. Sequence variants were preselected based on multi-line genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or linkage disequilibrium(LD) pruning. These preselected variant sets were used for ssGBLUP predictions without and with weights from BayesR, and the performances were compared to that of a commercial porcine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) chip. Using UPG and MF in MLE showed small to no gain in prediction accuracy (up to 0.02), depending on the lines and traits, compared to the single-line genomic evaluation(SLE). Likewise, adding selected variants from the GWAS to the commercial SNP chip resulted in a maximum increase of 0.02 in the prediction accuracy, only for average daily feed intake in the most numerous lines. In addition, no benefits were observed when using preselected sequence variants in multi-line genomic predictions. Weights from BayesR did not help improve the performance of ssGBLUP. This study revealed limited benefits of using preselected wholegenome sequence variants for multi-line genomic predictions, even when tens of thousands of animals had imputed sequence data. Correctly accounting for line differences with UPG or MF in MLE is essential to obtain predictions similar to SLE; however, the only observed benefit of an MLE is to have comparable predictions across lines. Further investigation into the amount of data and novel methods to preselect whole-genome causative variants in combined populations would be of significant interest.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1163626
033247
1664-8021
https://repositori.udl.cat/handle/10459.1/463369
ssGBLUP
Whole-genome sequence data
Marker preselection
Multi-line evaluation
Unknown parent groups
Multi-line ssGBLUP evaluation using preselected markers from whole-genome sequence data in pigs
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/688002023-02-16T07:08:09Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291col_10459.1_44504
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Costa-Roura, Sandra
author
Balcells Terés, Joaquim
author
de la Fuente Oliver, Gabriel
author
Mora-Gil, Jesús
author
Llanes, Núria
author
Villalba Mata, Daniel
author
2020-03-24
The aim of this work was to study the impact of a crude protein (CP) restriction on performance, ruminal fermentation and microbial community composition in fattening Holstein bulls (from 118 to 331 d of age and from 165 to 522 kg body weight [BW]) fed high-concentrate diets. Twenty animals were assigned to two dietary treatments: concentrate CP was formulated either based on the levels used commercially (CTR: 140 g CP/kg dry matter [DM]) or reducing them (LP: 120 g CP/kg DM). Concentrate was supplemented with barley straw and both were supplied ad libitum. Animal BW and concentrate intake were automatically recorded on a daily basis. Feces, urine and ruminal fluid were sampled twice, during the growing period (160 d of age and 225 kg BW) and during the finishing period (280 d of age and 444 kg BW), for digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial population characterization. No differences in BW or cumulated concentrate intake were found between treatments, despite the fact that average daily gain was lower in LP group at the beginning of the growing period (P < 0.001). Crude protein limitation did not penalize dry matter (P=0.654) or organic matter (P=0.526) apparent digestibility, but it did affect CP apparent digestibility during the finishing period (P=0.042). Nitrogen (N) excretion was greater in CTR animals (P=0.017). Regardless of treatment (P=0.511), ruminal ammonia-N concentration was low (4.36 ± 1.01 mg/L). Even though 135 OTUs (out of 489) were shared between treatments and periods (gathering 98.7 % of analyzed sequences), ruminal microbial community composition was different between periods (P=0.003) and also between diets in either growing (P < 0.001) or finishing (P=0.046) bulls. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the three dominant phyla and Prevotella ruminicola was the most abundant species. Ruminal microbial biodiversity was low but increased with age (P=0.002 for Shannon index and P=0.035 for Simpson index), as well as, ruminal microbial heterogeneity. Crude protein limitation increased functional interdependency among microbial genera, so LP-fed bulls were found to have a more complex microbiota community structure than CTR-fed bulls. No relevant correlations between microbial genera and ruminal fermentation parameters were detected.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114479
029922
0377-8401
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/68800
bull, growing male cattle
Microbiota
protein restriction
Rumen
Effects of protein restriction on performance, ruminal fermentation and microbial community in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/852672023-01-18T00:09:57Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_44504
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Grondäl, Hedvig
author
Blanco-Penedo, Isabel
author
Fall, Nils
author
Sternberg-Lewerin, Susanna
author
2023
Studies have shown that farmer-veterinarian relationships influence antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock, though how they do so is unclear. On the one hand, research shows that well-established veterinarian-farmer relationships are positive for implementation of antibiotic stewardship and restrictive AMU. On the other hand, studies also show that farmer demands can increase antimicrobial prescribing and that prescribing antimicrobials can strengthen the veterinarian's relationship with farmer clients. In the present study, we focus on veterinarians' perspectives on the relationships between dairy cattle farmers and veterinarians in Sweden and explore what characterizes these relationships when restrictive AMU is described as unproblematic and when AMU becomes a matter of tension or conflict. The study draws on semistructured interviews with 21 veterinarians working with livestock in Sweden. Interviews were analyzed thematically. The study shows that from the perspectives of veterinarians, well-established veterinarian-farmer relationships generally facilitate restrictive AMU in 3 slightly different but related ways: (1) they create trust in the veterinarian and their prescribing decisions; (2) they create shared understanding concerning when antimicrobials are needed and not needed; and (3) they facilitate constructive discussions between veterinarians and farmers on AMU. To make the farmer feel listened to and to come to an agreement on AMU was described as central for the veterinarians. However, the veterinarians described agreements on restrictive AMU as sometimes requiring strategic work, such as discussions to motivate the farmer and leave the door open for antimicrobials later if needed. Such work takes time and energy and is easier within well-established relationships according to the veterinarians. We also identified examples where veterinarians explained that they occasionally make compromises with farmers concerning antimicrobials—compromises that, according to the veterinarians, facilitate the relationship with the farmer, which in turn facilities restrictive AMU in the longer term. The examples in our interviews where antimicrobials became a matter of tension and even conflict between veterinarians and farmers could, with a few exceptions, be traced to absence of well-established relationships. However, some veterinarians also described AMU as a matter of tension within well-established relationships, especially with older farmers who do not trust new treatment strategies. We also found a small number of examples where disagreements on antimicrobials made a relationship with specific farmers impossible. Thus, even though the interviewed veterinarians generally meant that their restrictive antimicrobial prescribing did not threaten the relationship with the farmer, our study also, to some extent, confirms research showing that restrictive AMU can harm the relationship with some clients who simply choose another, less restrictive, veterinarian. In summary, our study supports that decisions on AMU cannot be reduced to the individual prescriber's behavior, nor to a strict medical judgment. Antimicrobial use for dairy cattle needs to be understood as taking form in relationships in which both veterinarians and farmers are active parts.
https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-21834
0022-0302
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/85267
Antimicrobial
Antimicrobial resistance
Policy
Veterinarian-farmer
Trust, agreements, and occasional breakdowns: Veterinarians' perspectives on farmer-veterinarian relationships and use of antimicrobials for Swedish dairy cattle
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/691472020-06-30T00:19:49Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Berenguer-Boix, J.
author
2020-06-24
The aim of this study was to carry out the systematic classification in related groups and based on morphological similarities of 19 breeds of hens of the Mediterranean group. These breeds were 15 Spanish (Alicantina, Andaluza Azul, Cara Blanca, Castellana Negra, Empordanesa, Flor d'Ametller, Mallorquina, Menorquina, Murciana, Pairal, Penedesenca, Prat, Sobrarbe, Utrerana and Valenciana de Chulilla) and four Italians (Italiana, Livorno, Mericanel della Brianza and Paduana). The analysis included the evaluation of 17 qualitative morphological characteristics and was based on the principle of parsimony using Fitch method. The resulting phylogram should be interpreted as a group tree oncerning the morphological relationships between breeds and not as a phylogenetic tree because does not allow a clear clustering of breeds according to their origin of purpose. This, together with the rates obtained for synapomorphy -shared homologous characters- and homoplasia - independently acquired parallel changes- higher in the former, allows to suppose that, although in the process of breed diversification, there may have been phenomena of convergence of morphological characters, the conservation phenomena of existing morphological characters have been greater. That is, there have been changes in the morphological models in the process of formation of the breeds, independent of their origin and aptitude.
El objetivo del estudio fue realizar la clasificación sistemática de grupos afines y con base a semejanzas morfológicas de 19 razas de gallinas del grupo mediterráneo. Estas fueron 15 españolas (Alicantina, Andaluza Azul, Cara Blanca, Castellana Negra, Empordanesa, Flor d’Ametller, Mallorquina, Menorquina, Murciana, Pairal, Penedesenca, Prat, Sobrarbe, Utrerana y Valenciana de Chulilla) y cuatro italianas (Italiana, Livorno, Mericanel della Brianza y Paduana) a partir de 17 características morfológicas cualitativas. Se evaluaron con base al principio de parsimonia usando el método de Fitch. El filograma resultante, interpretado como un árbol de grupos concernientes a las relaciones morfológicas entre las razas estudiadas y no como un árbol filogenético, ya que no permite la agrupación de las razas en función de su origen o aptitud. Ello, junto con los índices obtenidos de sinapomorfia –caracteres homólogos compartidos– y homoplasia –cambios paralelos adquiridos independientemente–, más elevado en el primero, permite suponer que, aunque en el proceso de diversificación de la gallina se hayan podido dar fenómenos de convergencia de caracteres morfológicos, han sido mayores los fenómenos de conservación de caracteres morfológicos ya existentes. Es decir, que se han dado cambios en los modelos morfológicos en el proceso de formación de las razas, independientes de su origen y aptitud.
https://doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v31i2.17848
030225
1682-3419
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/69147
Cladistics
Ethnology
Morphology
Gallus domesticus
Variety
Cladística
Etnología
Morfología
Variedad
The comparative analysis among Mediterranean hen breeds based on their morphological traits does not reflects relationships of origin or aptitude
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/692172020-07-04T00:18:51Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Castel-Mas, Laura
author
Jones-Capdevila, Kirian N.
author
2020-07-02
Based on the anatomical premise that, in bovines, the medial (inner) hoof is larger than the lateral (outer) one in the forelimb, we hypothesized that this implies a phalangeal form difference. To test this hypothesis, asymmetries of the forelimb acropodia (phalangeal series) were studied on calves belonging to the Brown Pyrenean breed, a meat breed managed under extensive conditions in NE Spain. Dorso-palmar radiographs were obtained for each acropodium in a sample of 17 paired left and right forelimbs. Size and shape were analysed by means of geometric morphometrics on medial and lateral acropodial series (III and IV series respectively) for each left and right limb. Shape coordinates were computed by Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Medial and lateral acropodial series appeared similar in size, but their shape expressed an especially high directional asymmetry, with distal phalanges (pedal bones) being abaxially (outwards) oriented. Such morphological observations may be an important reconsideration of 'normal' radiographic acropodial symmetry evaluation. This can be explained not only by an unevenly distributed ground reaction force between acropodial series, but also between right and left limbs, making medial and lateral hoof surfaces differently prone to overloading and, accordingly, to injuries to the limb.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030083
030265
2306-7381
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/69217
Digital bones
Directional asymmetry
Laterality
Locomotion
Pyrenean Brown
Asymmetries of forelimb digits of young cattle
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/587142021-08-30T15:04:30Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Almería, S.
author
López Gatius, Fernando
author
García Ispierto, Irina
author
Nogareda, Carmina
author
Bech Sàbat, Gregori
author
Serrano, Beatriz
author
Santolaria Blasco, Pilar
author
Yániz Pérez de Albéniz, Jesús
author
2009
Previous studies have shown that the use of beef bull semen significantly reduces the rate of abortions due to Neospora caninum in artificially inseminated (AI) seropositive dairy cows. In addition, certain beef breeds could be more resistant to N. caninum infection and abortion than others. The aim of the present study was to determine whether different crossbreed pregnancies, those derived from Limousin, Charolais, Piedmontese or Belgian Blue semen, carry different risks of abortion in Neospora-infected dairy cows. The effects of possible interactions between maternal levels of N. caninum antibodies and the different breed crosses were also evaluated. The study was performed on five commercial Holstein-Friesian dairy herds in Northeast Spain with previously confirmed diagnoses of N. caninum infection in aborted foetuses. The study population was comprised of 1115 pregnancies: 633 pregnancies recorded after AI using Holstein-Friesian semen from 18 bulls and 482 after AI using beef semen from 27 bulls (304 inseminations using semen from Limousin bulls, 191 from Belgian Blue bulls, 89 from Piedmontese bulls and 49 from Charolais bulls). Abortion rates were 32.2% (155/482) and 15.2% (96/633) for seropositive cows inseminated with Holstein-Friesian and beef breed semen, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed the herd and the interaction between maternal N. caninum antibody titre and the different crossbreeds as significant factors affecting the abortion rate. Lowest abortion rates, similar to that shown by seronegative animals in the analysed herds (3.2%, 239/7432), were observed in dams AI using Limousin semen that had low (<30 relative index (RI) units) N. caninum antibody titres (2.1% abortion, 3/145) and these cows were used as reference. Compared to the cows used as reference, cows with low N. caninum antibody titres (<30 RI units) showed a similar risk of abortion when inseminated with Piedmontese or Charolais bull semen, but higher risk of abortion when inseminated with Holstein (17.9 times) or Belgian Blue (7.2 times) bull semen. All cows with high N. caninum antibody titres (> or =30 RI units) had a higher risk of abortion, ranging from 8.9 times (cows inseminated with Limousine semen) to 37.8 times (cows inseminated with Piedmontese semen), compared to the cows used as reference. In conclusion, different crossbreed pregnancies carried different abortion risks in Neospora-infected dairy cows. The use of beef bull semen dramatically reduced the risk of abortion in dairy cows, especially if Limousin breed semen was used. Moreover, this reduction was found to be dependent on the N. caninum antibody titre such that the lowest incidence of abortions was recorded in Limousin semen inseminated cows with low antibody titres. Insemination of Neospora-seropositive cows with beef bull semen could both reduce the risk of abortion and avoid breeding replacements for infected cattle.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.04.026
014030
0304-4017
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/58714
Neospora caninum
Crossbreed pregnancies
Abortion
Beef bull semen
Effects of crossbreed pregnancies on the abortion risk of Neospora caninum-infected dairy cows
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/838152023-03-23T14:48:17Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Molinero, Eduard
author
Pena i Subirà, Ramona Natacha
author
Estany Illa, Joan
author
Ros Freixedes, Roger
author
2022-09-15
The 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases (AGPATs) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, which is a precursor of triacylglycerol, the main fat reservoir in mammals. We used whole-genome sequencing of 205 pigs to identify 6639 genetic variants in the porcine AGPAT gene family. Of these, 166 common variants in the AGPAT5 gene had significant associations with fat content and composition traits. We preselected a missense single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 6 of AGPAT5 (rs196952262, A>G) for validation of its associations in 1034 pigs from the same Duroc line. The A allele showed a positive additive effect for intramuscular fat content (+1.12% ± 0.21, p < 0.001, for gluteus medius and +0.89% ± 0.33, p < 0.01, for longissimus). We also observed significant associations with fatty acid composition that were, at least in part, independent of the increased intramuscular fat. The A allele resulted in more monounsaturated fatty acids (+0.34% ± 0.15, p < 0.05, for longissimus) and a greater monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (+0.11 ± 0.04, p < 0.01, for gluteus medius and +0.13 ± 0.05, p < 0.05, for longissimus). The effect of the AGPAT5 variant on intramuscular fat was more noticeable in fatter pigs, and AGPAT5 interacts with other genes that affect overall fatness such as LEPR. AGPAT5 was the most expressed gene of the AGPAT family in pig skeletal muscle. This variant can be used as a marker in assisted selection for modulating pig fat deposition and fatty acid content.
https://doi.org/10.1111/age.13258
032653
0268-9146
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/83815
AGPAT5
Association study
Backfat thickness
Fatty acids
Intramuscular fat
Pig
Whole-genome sequencing
Identification of a missense variant in the porcine AGPAT gene family associated with intramuscular fat content through whole-genome sequencing
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/710512021-09-06T14:36:49Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Szelényi, Zoltán
author
Szenci, Ottó
author
Kovács, Levente
author
García Ispierto, Irina
author
2021-04-08
Twin pregnancies are an economically unwanted phenomenon in dairy cattle, not only because they increase pregnancy losses, but also because antibiotics usage and culling rate of the dam are also dramatically increased due to them, furthermore animal welfare issues are also affected through them. In cattle, under field conditions using an early pregnancy determination tool, the first accurate diagnosis from the pregnancy status is available from around day 28, although further confirmations of pregnancy are required. Twin pregnancy diagnosis is available either by rectal palpation or ultrasonography. The measurement of pregnancy specific proteins are also available to determine gestation, but there is still a long way to go to properly identify twin pregnancies. In this commentary, we compared our own results with the literature data in this field with a special emphasis on the clinical practices.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041061
031542
2076-2615
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/71051
Cattle
PAG
Pregnancy loss
PSP-B
Rectal palpation
Twin
Ultrasound
Practical Aspects of Twin Pregnancy Diagnosis in Cattle
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/602952017-10-11T00:31:03Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2017-04-24
In animals, horn length as an exaggerated sexually selected trait should impair functional capabilities and impose fitness costs. Then, it would be logical that a limit to horn growth exists, even in domestic ungulates. Our objectives were (1) to find out the limit of horn growth in Catalan goat (2) to investigate whether this growth could be adjusted to a mathematical model; in other words, if there was a non-linear model that could parametrise horn growth. The current study included data (body weight and horn length) from 66 animals (6 males, 53 females and 7 wethers) belonging to the 'Catalan goat' population. Four non-linear models (logistic, von Bertalanffy, Michaelis-Menten and Gompertz) were compared based on the degree of fit and estimation of the growth patterns of horns according to body weight. The logistic model y= a/(1+be-cx) best fitted the data. In this model, horn growth starts in a low acceleration phase, which has a slight inflection, making horn growth slow until the animal reaches its complete body weight (57±6.5 kg), when this rate keeps reducing, approaching zero. The asymptotic growth level indicates that horn growth does not continue after full growth. Early individual development would seem not to affect definitive horn length, because of apparent compensatory growth. This has substantial implications for management and conservation of the breed, because of the potential current impact on selection of adults by only taking into account horn length.
025926
1392-2130
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/60295
Allometry
Caprinae
Catalan goat
Morphometry
Skull
Horn growth does not continue after full body growth in Catalan goat breed
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/446812020-07-14T08:39:34Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo
author
Noguera Jiménez, José Luis
author
Babot Gaspa, Daniel
author
Estany Illa, Joan
author
1999
En este trabajo se analiza el efecto de la selección de datos sobre las estimaciones de heredabilidad. Se estimó el valor de heredabilidad del tamaño de camada en una población porcina en la que los datos correspondientes a las cerdas más viejas eran una muestra seleccionada. Las estimaciones se obtuvieron usando distintos conjuntos de datos derivados de toda la información disponible. Esos conjunto de datos se compararon evaluando su capacidad predictiva. Se vio que las estimaciones de heredabilidad obtenidas utilizando todos los datos disponibles correspondían a valores infraestimados. También se simuló un carácter materno y se generó un conjunto de datos seleccionados eliminando aquellos correspondientes a las hembras sin padres conocidos. Distintos modelos, habitualmente empleados cuando no existe selección de registros, se consideraron para estimar el valor de heredabilidad. Los resultados mostraron que ninguno de esos modelos ofrecía estimaciones insesgadas. Sólo los modelos que tenían en cuenta el efecto de la selección sobre la media residual y la media y varianza genéticas ofrecían estimaciones poco sesgadas.
Sin embargo, para poder aplicarlos se debe conocer la selección realizada. El problema de la selección de datos es difícil de abordar cuando se desconoce cual es el proceso de selección que se ha realizado en una población.
In this work the effect of selective recording from older animals on estimates of heritability is analysed. Heritability of litter size was estimated in a pig population where data were selectively recorded for the older sows. Estimates were obtained in different data sets derived from all the available information. Data set were compared in terms of predictive ability. Underestimated heritability values were obtained when all available data were used. A maternal trait was also simulated and missing data generated by deleting records from females without known parents. Different animal models, usually applied when there is no selection or selective breeding is carried out, were considered in the heritability estimation of this trait. Results showed that none of these models offered unbiased estimates. Only the models that took into account the effect on the residual mean and the genetic mean and variance removed an important part of this bias. However, to be applied, selection carried out should be known. It is not obvious how to overcome a selective recording problem when the selection process followed is unknown.
000952
0213-5035
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/44681
Heredabilidad
Selección de datos
Heritability
Selective recording
Effect of selective recording on estimates of heritability
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/487042023-01-27T18:13:55Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ripoll Bosch, Raimon
author
Joy, Margalida
author
Sanz Pascua, Albina
author
Blasco, Isabel
author
Ripoll, Guillermo
author
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
2014
Sheep farming systems in Spain are experiencing an intensification process, characterised by a general selection criteria of enhancing prolificacy in ewes, and by increasing indoor feeding with concentrates to the detriment of grazing. This study evaluated the effects of concentrate supplementation and prolificacy on productive and economic performance of a local sheep breed in different price scenarios. Ewes were fed forage hay ad libitum, without (in pre-partum period, PRE-HAY; and in post-partum period, POST-HAY) or with concentrates (300 g/d in pre-partum period, PRE-CON; and 750 g/d in post-partum period, POST-CON). The inclusion of concentrate during the pre-partum period (last 10 weeks of pregnancy) had no effect on the productive performance of the ewes. In contrast, the inclusion of concentrate in the post-partum period (6 weeks), resulted in greater milk yield (1009 vs. 1275 ± 89 g/d), lamb average daily gain (151±12 vs. 225±19 g/d) and lamb output (kg of lamb LW weaned). However, the greater productivity thanks to the use of concentrates did not always turn into greatest profitability, since the economic margin was highly influenced by the cost of the diet and extremely subjected to variability in price of concentrates. Hence, the inclusion of concentrates in sheep meat production was not always justified in economic terms. In conclusion, the use of concentrates should only be considered as long as prices of commodities remain low, and inadvisable when prices reach a certain threshold or are subject to certain volatility in markets.
https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2014124-6321
021879
1695-971X
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/48704
Feedstuffs
Physiological status
Body fat reserves
Lamb growth
Effect of concentrate supplementation and prolificacy on the productive and economic performance of autochthonous sheep breeds fed forage-based diets
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/676672019-12-06T00:14:21Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Seradj, Ahmad Reza
author
Abecia, Leticia
author
Crespo, J.
author
Villalba Mata, Daniel
author
Fondevila, Manuel
author
Balcells Terés, Joaquim
author
2014-11
An in vitro assay was designed to analyze the effect of either Bioflavex (R) (BF) or each of its pure flavonoid components [Neoeriocitrine (NE), Naringine (NG), Isonaringine (IN), Hesperidine (HS), Neohesperidine (NH), Poncirine (PC)] added at 200 mu g/g dry matter.(DM) incubated substrate on rumen fermentation, methane production (CH4) and microbial population. A treatment without flavonoids was also included as a control (CTR). Rumen liquor harvested from four steers fed with high concentrate diets was used as inoculum in four 72 h incubation series. Two samples were taken at the onset of each incubation series (Time 0), and two bottles per treatment were also opened after 12 h and sampled for pH, NH3-N, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbiology analyses [total bacteria, Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Megasphaera elsdenii, total archaea (TA), hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea (HMA) and Methanosarcina spp. (as acetoclastic methanogen)] using quantitative PCR. The addition of BF or its flavonoid components mitigated the cumulative gas production (P<0.01), except for NE and PC, but no differences (P>0.10) were recorded in the gas production rate (mL/h). At 12 h post incubation methane production (mL/g DM) was reduced (P<0.01) by flavonoid addition, except for NE and NG, that did not differ from CTR. No changes were detected in total VFA concentration, but flavonoids increased propionate to the detriment of acetate proportion (P<0.01). The abundance of HMA population was reduced (P<0.01) by BF and its main components (NG and NH). Relative quantification of the lactate producing bacteria S. bovis was not affected by the addition of flavonoids except for a significant increase recorded with NE (P<0.01), whereas the concentration of the lactate consuming M. elsdenii was increased by BF, NG, NH and PC (P<0.01). Relative quantification of HMA was clearly inhibited (P<0.01) by the addition of flavonoids, this effect being more pronounced with BF, NH and NG. Concentration of Methanosarcina spp. was also inhibited by PC, NH, NG and BF (P<0.01). Addition of flavonoid substances enhances fermentation efficiency by improving propionate in detriment of acetate production and clearly depressed HMA communities.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.08.013
021966
0377-8401
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/67667
Flavonoids
In vitro incubation
Gas production
Methanogenesis
The effect of Bioflavex® and its pure flavonoid components on in vitro fermentation parameters and methane production in rumen fluid from steers given high concentrate diets
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/710542023-03-06T14:40:27Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Dias-Alves, Andrea
author
Cabezón Ponsoda, Óscar
author
Borel, Nicole
author
López Olvera, Jorge R.
author
Mentaberre García, Gregorio
author
Lavín González, Santiago
author
Fernández-Aguilar, Xavier
author
2021-03-23
Infections by Chlamydiae are associated with ocular disease in humans and animals. In this study, the presence and diversity of Chlamydia spp. was assessed in diseased and healthy eyes of domestic sheep and wild ruminants that share mountain habitats in northern Spain. The presence of Chlamydia spp. was tested by real-time PCR in 1786 conjunctival swabs collected from both eyes of 893 animals from mountain habitats in northern Spain, and chlamydial species were identified in the positive samples by ArrayTube microarray methods. Chlamydial DNA was detected in 0.6% (CI95% 0.2–1.3) of the Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and 1.4% (CI95% <0.01–8.1) of the sheep (Ovis aries) sampled, with Chlamydia pecorum the only chlamydial species identified. No association of C. pecorum with ocular disease or co-infection with Mycoplasma conjunctivae was found. Further studies on the pathogenesis of infectious keratoconjunctivitis are needed to better understand the ecology of C. pecorum and its possible role as a ruminant pathogen at the wildlife–livestock interface.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030383
2076-0817
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/71054
Chlamydia pecorum
Domestic sheep
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis
Ocular disease
Pyrenean chamois
Rupicapra pyrenaica
Wildlife-livestock interface
Molecular Detection and Identification of Chlamydiaceae in the Eyes of Wild and Domestic Ruminant Hosts from Northern Spain
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/649842018-10-27T00:25:41Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2018-06-19
Te size of body parts often co-vary through exponential scaling, this is known as allometry. Allometric changes are important to the generation of morphological diversity. To make inferences regarding the evolved responses in allometry to artifciial selection in the genus Equus, we compared allometric parameters (slope and intercept) among 18 domestic breeds (11 for horses and 6 for donkeys) and 7 wild species, attempting to interpret the dfferences in allometric parameters (body length, withers height and head length). Te allometric values were not different among domestic equids. Breeds of similar sizes have similar head lengths. The elongation of head length is related to overall body size, indicating that allometry was invariant and did not change under specific selection in the breed formation.Head elongation (dolicocephaly) is probably focused on the preorbital region (dolicoprosopial) rather than on basicranial region. A remarkably higher correlation among donkey breeds can be explained by its strong similar morphological evolution. These findings provide evidence that changes in the allometry pattern point to modifications of ontogenetic processes derived from breeds differentiation and evolution. Further analysis should focus on the relationship between ancestral ontogeny and adult morphology in equids.
https://doi.org/10.15761/AHDVS.1000134
027239
2513-9304
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/64984
Allometry
Dolicocephaly
Equus caballus
Head size allometry
Ontogeny
Skull growth in equids beyond domestication
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/477392017-06-21T13:46:06Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Kucherova, Irina
author
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
2012
The purpose of this article it to pre-sent a procedure of shape charac-terisation using the classical Fourier analysis combined with image tech-niques. It was applied to the outline of the obturator foramen of the bo-vine pelvis. This outline was ex-tracted and characterised by an ordered series of harmonics, each harmonic being described by four coefficients. Step by step recon-structions of outlines using an in-creasing number of harmonics were then performed. Although the first seven harmonics reached 93.4 % of the cumulative power, the shape of the obturator foramen was already well described by the first harmonic. It seems that the classical Fourier analysis opens interesting perspec-tives for the study of simple osseous
018927
1687-9988
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/47739
Image analysis
Pelvis
Morphometry
Bovine anatomy
Classical Fourier analysis applied to a simple out-line: the bovine obturator foramen
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/667842020-06-29T16:12:44Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Medina, Anabel
author
2019-10-11
La asimetría fluctuante se caracteriza por desviaciones sutiles y aleatorias en rasgos bilateralmente simétricos, y la asimetría direccional por una distribución sesgada hacia uno de los lados (derecho o izquierdo). Para el análisis de ellas en el cráneo del conejo de compañía, se estudiaron 45 especímenes. La morfología craneal fue revelada mediante el registro de coordenadas cartesianas de 24 hitos anatómicos sagitales (8) y bilaterales (en ambos lados del cráneo, 16), a nivel ventral, y se aplicaron métodos de morfometría geométrica. Los resultados indican diferencias entre las configuraciones derecha e izquierda del cráneo, sobre todo a nivel de la base. Esto podría interpretarse como una manifestación de la actividad masticatoria lateralizada.
https://doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v30i3.15428
029092
1682-3419
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/66784
Asimetría fluctuante
Inestabilidad del desarrollo
pedomorfia
Tamaño craneal
Ontogenia
Asimetría direccional en el cráneo del conejo de compañía
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/698802022-11-25T19:38:07Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
García-Jiménez, Ruth
author
Pérez-García, Juan M.
author
Margalida, Antoni
author
2018-09-29
Background: The development of satellite tracking technology enables the gathering of huge amounts of accurate data on animal movements over measured time intervals, to reveal essential information about species’ patterns of spatial use. This information is especially important in optimizing the design of conservation and management strategies for endangered species. In this study, we analysed the main drivers of daily patterns in the flight activity of the threatened Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus. We studied 19 Bearded Vultures tagged with solar-powered GPS transmitters from 2006 to 2016 in the Pyrenees (Spain). We assessed the relative influence of external factors (season and daylight time) and internal factors (sex, breeding season and territorial status) on their daily activity behaviour by computing mean hourly distance travelled, maximum displacement and cumulative distance travelled per hour. Results: Our findings showed a clear difference in all the estimators between territorial and non-territorial (floating) members of the population, showing that non-territorial individuals spent much longer in flight and travelled larger distances per day. We detected an important influence of daylight time and season on the daily rhythms of Bearded Vultures; flight activity increased during the last three quarters of daylight and was greatest in the spring. Breeding period and sex had also an effect on the maximum displacement and cumulative distance travelled. Individuals flew more during the breeding period and females tended to exhibit greater cumulative and maximum distances per hour than males regardless of breeding season. Conclusions: Pyrenean Bearded Vultures flight daily activity was strongly influenced by daylight time, season, and territorial status, while individual sex and breeding season showed a milder effect on the birds’ movement behaviour. This study gives a novel insight into how external factors act as main drivers of the daily flight activity pattern of a long-lived avian scavenger.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-018-0195-7
1472-6785
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/69880
Daily movements
Daylight time
GPS
Gypaetus barbatus
Territorial status
Drivers of daily movement patterns affecting an endangered vulture flight activity
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/490742021-08-30T15:04:33Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Benoit, St-Pierre
author
de la Fuente Oliver, Gabriel
author
Sean, O'Neill
author
André-Denis, G. Wright
author
Rafat, Al Jassim
author
2012-10-13
We investigated the community structure of bacteria that populate the stomach of the Brumby, a breed of feral horses from the Australian outback. Using a 16S rRNA gene clone library, we identified 155 clones that were assigned to 26 OTUs based on a 99.0 % sequence identity cutoff. Two OTUs represented 73.5 % of clones, while 18 OTUs were each assigned only a single clone. Four major bacterial types were identified in the Brumby stomach: Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Veillonellaceae and Pasteurellaceae. The first three groups, which represented 98.1 % of the Brumby stomach library clones, belonged to the bacterial phylum Firmicutes. We found that 49.7 % of clones were related to bacterial species previously identified in the equine hindgut, and that 44.5 % of clones were related to symbiotic bacterial species identified in the mouth or throat of either horses or other mammals. Our results indicated that the composition of mutualistic bacterial communities of feral horses was consistent with other studies on domestic horses. In addition to bacterial sequences, we also identified four plastid 16S rRNA gene sequences, which may help in further characterizing the type of vegetation consumed by Brumby horses in their natural environment.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-2070-5
023068
0301-4851
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/49074
Analysis of stomach bacterial communities in Australian feral horses
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/704472022-10-19T19:14:34Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Tor i Naudí, Marc
author
Vilaró, Francisca
author
Ros Freixedes, Roger
author
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
Bosch Puig, Lluís
author
Gol, Sofia
author
Pena i Subirà, Ramona Natacha
author
Reixach, Josep
author
Estany Illa, Joan
author
2021-02-03
Circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) can reflect the composition of dietary fat or adipose tissues depending on the fasting conditions. Therefore, circulating NEFA may be valuable as biomarkers for meat quality traits, such as intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition in finishing pigs. Genetic variants that regulate lipid metabolism can also modulate the circulating NEFA. We conducted an experiment with 150 heavy Duroc pigs to evaluate fluctuations in the circulating NEFA composition due to age, fasting duration and two genetic polymorphisms, one in the leptin receptor (LEPR; rs709596309) and one in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD; rs80912566) gene. Circulating NEFA were more saturated and less monounsaturated than the subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues. Absolute circulating NEFA content was more influenced by fasting duration than age. The SCD polymorphism did not impact NEFA content or composition. The LEPR polymorphism affected the content but not the fatty acid composition. Circulating oleic acid NEFA content after a short fasting was positively correlated with intramuscular fat content and, after a long fasting, with intramuscular oleic acid content. We conclude that circulating NEFA reflect environmental and genetic metabolic changes but are of limited value as biomarkers for intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020386
030993
2076-2615
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/70447
Non-esterified fatty acids
Intramuscular fat
Oleic acid
Fatty acid composition
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase
Leptin receptor
Meat quality
Circulating non-esterified fatty acids as biomarkers for fat content and composition in pigs
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/676662019-12-06T00:14:18Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Fernández, R.
author
Seradj, Ahmad Reza
author
Oregi, L. M.
author
García-Rodríguez, A.
author
Balcells Terés, Joaquim
author
2015
This study assessed the influence of reducing the crude protein (CP) content (from 190 to 130 g/kg CP/kg) in the supplementary concentrate and time allotment on pasture (TAP) on the milk yield, bodyweight, and the urinary nitrogen (N) and purine derivatives (PD) in lactating Latxa ewes. Animals were reared in a production system that restricted the amount of time that ewes spent on pasture. In mid-April, at the start of the 42 days experiment, 40 dairy Latxa ewes were assigned to one of four groups on the basis of their initial milk yield, days in lactation (DIL), bodyweight (BW), and condition score; thereafter, each group grazed in its own fenced paddock. The experiment was based on a 2 x 2 factorial design that included two CP levels and two pasture grazing regimes: 4 h continuous grazing (CG) in the morning or 2 h grazing in the morning and 2 h in the afternoon (DG). Individual milk yield was recorded three times a week, and time spent grazing and BW was recorded weekly. In the middle (day 15-17; P1) and at the end (day 36-38; P2) of the experiment, urinary spot samples were collected using a catheter. At the end of the experiment, ewes were confined to metabolic cages and urine was collected. CP level of the concentrate was not correlated with time spent grazing; however, the ewes that were permitted access to pasture twice per day spent more time grazing (223 min/day vs 207 min/day, P< 0.01) and were more efficient with their time (56 min/h grazing vs 52 min/h, P < 0.05) than the ewes that were permitted access to pasture once per day. Concentrate CP levels were not correlated with milk yield or composition, although ewes that received the high protein (HP) lost more weight than did those that received the low protein (LP) concentrate. Concentrate CP level and TAP were not correlated with creatinine (CR) excretion rate (mean = 315 mu mol/kg LW0.75 s. e. 0.0161). Urea-N was the largest component of urinary-N (68.7 s. e. 2.33%; P > 0.05), and urea-N waste was higher in HP ewes (202.7 mmol/day) than it was in LP ewes (159.5 mmol/day) (s. d. 27.83; P < 0.01). Ewes subjected to theDGregime had significantly (P < 0.01) higher urinary PD excretion (23.6 vs 21.4 mmol/day s. d. 4.01; P < 0.01), and tended (P < 0.1) to excrete less urea-N (175.1 vs 188.3 mmol, s. d. 27.83) than did the CG ewes. A reduction in the CP in the supplementary concentrate led to a reduction in N waste without having a detrimental effect on performance or milk production
https://doi.org/10.1071/AN13237
022639
1836-0939
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/67666
Dairy ewes
Grazing time
Milk production
PD excretion
Effects of crude protein level in the concentrate and time allotment on pasture on milk yield, urinary nitrogen, and purine derivative excretion in lactating Latxa ewes
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4651932024-03-02T03:00:29Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_68143col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_68144
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ordeix Rigo, Marc
author
Casals i Martí, Frederic
author
2024-01-11
We reviewed information on Iberian freshwater fish to characterize their migratory status and identify migration reasons and periods. Most species migrate (87.3 %; 62 species from 15 families). A large number are potamodromous species (45 species from 6 families) but diadromous species (17 species from 11 families) also exist, including anadromous (9 species) and catadromous (8 species). The spawning period is a primary driver of fish migration but feeding and refuge-associated migrations also take place. Sexual maturity is the most important cue triggering fish migration, and other important factors include water temperature, river flow, currents, salinity and photoperiod. Spawning and migrating periods are in general prolonged and vary among years, as a response to the environmental variability of Mediterranean river systems, which are the most frequent in the Iberian Peninsula. Migratory movements of the various native species of each site cover almost the whole or the whole year. Therefore, to allow fish migration, Iberian freshwaters should always be connected, or their fish passes should be permanently, or practically always, in operation.
Recopilamos información sobre los peces autóctonos ibéricos de aguas continentales para caracterizar su estatus migratorio e identificar las posibles razones y períodos de sus migraciones. La mayoría de las especies migran (87.3 %; 62 especies
de 15 familias). Un gran número son especies potamódromas (45 especies de 6 familias) pero también existen especies
diádromas (17 especies de 11 familias), incluyendo anádromas (9 sp.) y catádromas (8 sp.). El período de desove es uno
de los principales impulsores de la migración de los peces, pero también se producen migraciones relacionadas con la alimentación y el refugio. La madurez sexual es la señal más importante que desencadena la migración de los peces, y otros
importantes factores incluyen la temperatura del agua, el caudal de los ríos, las corrientes, la salinidad y el fotoperiodo.
Los periodos de desove y migración son prolongados y cambiantes entre años, como respuesta a la variabilidad anual de
los sistemas fluviales mediterráneos, que son los más frecuentes en la Península Ibérica. Los movimientos migratorios de
las distintas especies autóctonas de cada tramo cubren prácticamente todo o todo el año. Por lo tanto, para permitir la
migración de los peces, las aguas continentales ibéricas deberían estar siempre conectadas o sus dispositivos de paso para peces tendrían que estar casi siempre o permanentemente en funcionamiento
https://doi.org/10.23818/limn.43.02
033925
0213-8409
https://repositori.udl.cat/handle/10459.1/465193
Fish migration
Freshwater
Native species
Migrating periods
Iberian Peninsula
Mediterranean rivers
Why and when do freshwater fish migrate? Observations of migration patterns of the native fishes from the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe)
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/647122023-02-16T07:29:33Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_49291
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Crisci, Elisa
author
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José
author
Novellas, Rosa
author
Espada, Yvonne
author
Cabezón, Raquel
author
Martínez, Jorge
author
Córdoba, Lorena
author
Bárcena, Juan
author
Benitez-Ribas, Daniel
author
Montoya, Maria
author
2015
Cellular therapies using immune cells and in particular dendritic cells (DCs) are being increasingly applied in clinical trials and vaccines. Their success partially depends on accurate delivery of cells to target organs or migration to lymph nodes. Delivery and subsequent migration of cells to regional lymph nodes is essential for effective stimulation of the immune system. Thus, the design of an optimal DC therapy would be improved by optimizing technologies for monitoring DC trafficking. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a powerful tool for non-invasive imaging of DC migration in vivo. Domestic pigs share similarities with humans and represent an excellent animal model for immunological studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility using pigs as models for DC tracking in vivo. Porcine monocyte derived DC (MoDC) culture with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles was standardized on the basis of SPIO concentration and culture viability. Phenotype, cytokine production and mixed lymphocyte reaction assay confirmed that porcine SPIO-MoDC culture were similar to mock MoDCs and fully functional in vivo. Alike, similar patterns were obtained in human MoDCs. After subcutaneous inoculation in pigs, porcine SPIO-MoDC migration to regional lymph nodes was detected by MRI and confirmed by Perls staining of draining lymph nodes. Moreover, after one dose of virus-like particles-pulsed MoDCs specific local and systemic responses were confirmed using ELISPOT IFN-γ in pigs. In summary, the results in this work showed that after one single subcutaneous dose of pulsed MoDCs, pigs were able to elicit specific local and systemic immune responses. Additionally, the dynamic imaging of MRI-based DC tracking was shown using SPIO particles. This proof-of-principle study shows the potential of using pigs as a suitable animal model to test DC trafficking with the aim of improving cellular therapies.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2014.08.006
021391
0161-5890
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/64712
Pig
DC tracking
MRI
Virus-like particles
In vivo tracking and immunological properties of pulsed porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/652302018-11-30T00:19:45Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Sofiane, Khelil
author
Medina, Anabel
author
2018-06-28
The word 'allometry' refers to the relative growth of a biological structure to other(s) or to the entire body, and encompasses conformational changes due to size change. When growth is the same among studied traits, it is known as 'isometry'. In order to study this phenomenon in domestic rabbit, a sample of 71 fresh post-weaned rabbit corpses of different age was collected, and skulls were obtained and defleshed. Of this sample, 59 corpses were from companion type ('toys' and 'beliers') and 12 from meat type (Californian/New Zealand) rabbits. From each skull it was obtained a digital picture, on its lateral aspect, and 12 anatomical landmarks were situated on it and analysed by means of geometric morphometric methods. Meat rabbits presented a clear isometric growth, although they were still growing (e. g. have not reached to final growth stage) while companion rabbits presented a clear allometric growth (e. g. adults have not reached a final growth). So, it is illustrated a case of gerontomorphy for meat rabbits ¿e. g. an early development of skull traits¿ and a case of pedomorphy for companion rabbits ¿e. g. a delayed growth in skull traits in order to mantain typical juvenile traits as a short and plain face, and a comparatively big cranium¿. In other words, for the former group, a precocious development was detected, while for the latter, it was detected a retention of juvenile traits, being for both types cases of developmental heterochronies.
Como alometría se entiende el crecimiento relativo de una estructura biológica respecto a otra(s) o al
organismo total y da cuenta de los cambios de conformación que derivan de la modificación de tamaño. Un caso
particular es cuando la velocidad de crecimiento es la misma entre los caracteres en estudio, lo cual recibe el nombre
de isometría. A fin de estudiar este fenómeno en el conejo doméstico, se colectó un total de 71 cadáveres frescos de
conejos, de diferente edad, correspondientes a animales destetados, y se obtuvo por descarnado el cráneo de cada
uno. De ellos, 59 correspondían al tipo de compañía (tipos “toys” y “beliers”) y 12 al tipo carnicero (californiano/
neozelandés). Se captó una imagen digital, en la cara lateral, de cada cráneo, sobre la que posteriormente se situaron
12 hitos anatómicos, analizados mediante métodos de morfometría geométrica. Los conejos de carne presentaron
un comportamiento claramente isométrico, mientras que los de compañía, y a pesar de que muchos ya eran adultos,
este comportamiento era alométrico. Nos encontramos, pues, ante un caso de gerontomorfia en los conejos de
carne —un desarrollo precoz— y una pedomorfia en los de compañía —un retardo en su crecimiento, puesto que,
aunque adultos, siguen presentando una cara corta y plana, y un cráneo proporcionalmente grande, caracteres
típicamente juveniles—. Para los primeros un desarrollo lo más precoz posible y para los segundos una retención
de los caracteres juveniles; en ambos tipos, ejemplo de heterocronías de desarrollo.
https://doi.org/10.15359/rcv.36-2.2
027249
2215-4507
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/65230
conejo 'belier'
conejo 'toy'
gerontomorfia
Oryctolagus cuniculus
pedomorfia
Different cephalic development among rabbit types
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/567922017-03-10T13:01:59Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_186col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_311
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Margalida, Antoni
author
Colomer, M. Àngels (Maria Àngels)
author
2016
We apply a novel mistake index to assess trends in the proportion of corrections
published between 1993 and 2014 in Nature, Science and PNAS. The index revealed
a progressive increase in the proportion of corrections published in these three highquality
journals. The index appears to be independent of the journal impact factor or
the number of items published, as suggested by a comparative analyses among 16 top
scientific journals of different impact factors and disciplines. A more detailed analysis
suggests that the trend in the time-to-correction increased significantly over time and
also differed among journals (Nature 233 days; Science 136 days; PNAS 232 days). A
detailed review of 1,428 errors showed that 60% of corrections were related to figures,
authors, references or results. According to the three categories established, 34.7% of
the corrections were considered mild, 47.7% moderate and 17.6% severe, also differing
among journals. Errors occurring during the printing process were responsible for 5%
of corrections in Nature, 3% in Science and 18% in PNAS. The measurement of the
temporal trends in the quality of scientific manuscripts can assist editors and reviewers
in identifying the most common mistakes, increasing the rigor of peer-review and
improving the quality of published scientific manuscripts.
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1670
024811
2167-8359
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/56792
Bibliometric analyses
Corrections
Publishing
Improving the peer-review process and editorial quality: key errors escaping the review and editorial process in top scientific journals
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/492962016-01-13T12:48:55Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Varona Aguado, Luís
author
García Cortés, Luis Alberto
author
Perez Enciso, Miguel
author
2001
A fundamental issue in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is to determine the
plausibility of the presence of a QTL at a given genome location. Bayesian analysis offers
an attractive way of testing alternative models (here, QTL vs. no-QTL) via the Bayes factor.
There have been several numerical approaches to computing the Bayes factor, mostly based on
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), but these strategies are subject to numerical or stability
problems. We propose a simple and stable approach to calculating the Bayes factor between
nested models. The procedure is based on a reparameterization of a variance component model
in terms of intra-class correlation. The Bayes factor can then be easily calculated from the
output of a MCMC scheme by averaging conditional densities at the null intra-class correlation.
We studied the performance of the method using simulation. We applied this approach to QTL
analysis in an outbred population. We also compared it with the Likelihood Ratio Test and we
analyzed its stability. Simulation results were very similar to the simulated parameters. The
posterior probability of the QTL model increases as the QTL effect does. The location of the
QTL was also correctly obtained. The use of meta-analysis is suggested from the properties of
the Bayes factor.
0999-193X
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/49296
Bayes factor
Quantitative Trait Loci
Hypothesis testing
Bayes factors for detection of quantitative trait loci
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/685202020-05-01T00:11:17Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Argemí i Armengol, Immaculada
author
Villalba Mata, Daniel
author
Tor i Naudí, Marc
author
Álvarez Rodríguez, Javier
author
2020-04-29
El principal desafío en alimentación para porcino ecológico es garantizar que los alimentos de la dieta cumplan los requerimientos nutricionales, en particular en proteína y perfil de aminoácidos, al finalizar la moratoria de uso de hasta un 5% de alimentos no ecológicos en las raciones, prevista para 2020. Así, este trabajo se planteó para proponer una estrategia de alimentación y analizar la viabilidad nutricional, económica y ambiental de formular raciones con alimentos alternativos, producidos localmente. Se seleccionó una muestra representativa de productos de cultivos ecológicos, de acuerdo al Reglamento (CE) 834/2007 y 889/2008, de fábricas de piensos y productores de Cataluña y zona próxima: cereales (n=22), subproductos de cereales (n=4) y concentrados de proteína vegetal (n=25). Las dietas se formularon para las diferentes fases fisiológicas, ajustadas a las recomendaciones nutricionales españolas (FEDNA, convencional) y francesas (ITAB, ecológicas). Se formularon dietas prescindiendo de la soja (torta de presión y soja integral) según recomendaciones nutricionales francesas y utilizando fuentes proteicas adaptadas al clima mediterráneo (alverjón, habas, guisantes y alholva) y cereales de invierno (centeno, trigo, cebada y triticale). Los impactos ambientales de las dietas (por unidad de pienso compuesto producido) en cuanto a demanda de fósforo, uso de energía no renovable, eutrofización, acidificación, cambio climático y ocupación de tierra, evaluados mediante el análisis de ciclo de vida de la base de datos francesa ECOALIM (2016), resultan mayores en lechones y menores en cerdas gestantes, y notablemente superiores si se formula según FEDNA vs. ITAB. En la valoración económica de las dietas (compra frente a autoproducción), resultaría más rentable un modelo de negocio con integración agropecuaria.
The main dietary challenge for organic swine feeding is ensuring that feed fulfils the nutrient requirements, in particular to protein and amino acid profile, after the expiration that allow producers to include up to 5% non-organic feed within their rations, which is expected to 2020. Thus, this work was designed to propose an organic feeding strategy and to analyse the nutritional, economic and environmental viability of locally produced feedstuff use. A representative sample of organic feed ingredients were selected, according to EC No 834/2007 and No 889/2008, in feed mills and producers from Catalonia and nearby area: cereals (n=22), cereal by-products (n=4) and protein concentrate (n=25). Diets were formulated for the different physiological phases, adjusted to the Spanish (FEDNA, conventional) and French (ITAB, organic) nutritional recommendations. Diets were formulated without soybean expeller or full-fat soybean when using French standards, using instead other protein sources adapted to the Mediterranean climate (Narbonne vetch, beans, peas, and fenugreek) and winter cereals (rye, wheat, barley and triticale). The assessment of environmental impacts (phosphorus demand, non-renewable energy, eutrophication, acidification, climate change and land occupation) of the diets (per unit of produced feed), through life-cycle analysis by means of the database ECOALIM (2016), was higher in piglets and lower in pregnant sows, and much higher when formulating according to FEDNA vs. ITAB standards. In the economic valuation of the diets (purchase or self-production), a business model that integrates agriculture and livestock farming would be more profitable.
https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i266.5115
029964
0004-0592
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/68520
Ecológico
Cultivos locales
Valor nutritivo
Análisis ciclo de vida
Estrategias de alimentación, evaluación del impacto ambiental y valoración económica de dietas de porcino ecológico
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/721192021-12-01T11:37:19Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
López Gatius, Fernando
author
García Ispierto, Irina
author
Serrano, Beatriz
author
Hunter, Ronald Henry Fraser
author
2018-10-15
This study sought to examine the impact of the presence of two co-dominant (ovulatory) follicles at the time of artificial insemination (AI) on the ovulatory response to GnRH given in a fixed-time AI protocol. The study population comprised 622 lactating dairy cows: 306 (49.2%) with a single follicle, 198 (31.8%) with two bilateral follicles (one follicle per ovary) and 118 (19%) with two unilateral follicles (same ovary). Based on odds ratios, cows with two bilateral or unilateral follicles were less likely (by factors of 0.09 and 0.11, respectively) to undergo ovulation failure compared with cows with one follicle (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively); the likelihood of ovulation failure decreased 0.75 times with every one-mm increase in follicle diameter for cows with a single follicle, whereas individual follicle diameter was not related to ovulation failure in cows with two bilateral follicles (P = 0.001). The likelihood of double ovulation decreased 0.7 times with every one-mm diameter difference between the larger and smaller follicle for all cows with two follicles (P = 0.001), whereas cows with two unilateral follicles showed a higher (P < 0.05) double ovulation rate than cows with two bilateral follicles. In 116 (58.6%) of the cows with two bilateral follicles, only the larger follicle ovulated in 59.5% cows, whereas only the smaller one ovulated in the remaining 40.5% cows. In these cows, a one-mm size difference between the larger and the smaller follicle gave rise to a 1.12-fold increase in the ovulation failure rate for the larger follicles (P = 0.0001). Cows with two bilateral follicles were more likely (by a factor of 1.5) to conceive than cows with one follicle (P = 0.001). Significant right-left differences were not found in cows with two bilateral follicles, whereas the right ovary was more active than the left in the remaining cows. Our results indicate that cows with two co-dominant follicles at AI show different ovulation patterns to those with one dominant follicle. A higher rate of ovulation failure was observed among cows with one follicle than cows with two follicles, whereas the conception rate was higher for cows with two bilateral follicles than for the remaining cows. In cows with two follicles, double ovulations along with ovulation of the smaller follicle were related to the least size difference between the larger and smaller follicle.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.035
027558
0093-691X
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/72119
Co-dominant follicles
Follicular diameter
Ovulation failure
Double ovulation
Bilateral asymmetry
The presence of two ovulatory follicles at timed artificial insemination influences the ovulatory response to GnRH in high-producing dairy cows
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/656442020-01-22T10:08:48Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Muñoz, F. A.
author
Blanco, C.
author
Cala, D.
author
Crosby-Granados, René
author
Salamanca-Carreño, Arcesio
author
2018-06-26
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is defined as the deviation of an individual from their perfect bilateral symmetry, and is considered a negative indicator in the ability to resist small anomalies in the development. These abnormalities are usually the result of genetic or environmental stress. In the present study, we studied by means of 2-D geometric morphometric techniques a sample of 20 skulls of adult horses belonging to Araucan breed (Colombia), a saddle horse which lives under a natural environment and managed under extensive conditions. It was obtained a digital photograph of dorsal aspect of each specimen, on which 7 paired and homologous landmarks were subsequently located. There appeared a significant presence of significative FA, which could be explained as a response to stress, probably due to extreme environmental pressures and/or management.
La asimetría fluctuante (AF) se define como la desviación en un individuo de su simetría bilateral perfecta, y se considera un indicador negativo en la capacidad de resistir pequeñas anomalías en el desarrollo, anomalías que son generalmente el resultado de estrés genético o ambiental. En el presente estudio, se analizó por métodos de morfometría geométrica 2-D una muestra de 20 cráneos de caballos adultos pertenecientes a la raza Araucana (Colombia), una raza de silla de vida temperal y manejo extensivo. Se obtuvo una fotografía digital en proyección dorsal de cada espécimen, sobre el cual posteriormente se ubicaron 7 pares especulares de puntos de referencia, homólogos entre ellos. Se detectó la presencia significativa de AF, que podría explicarse como una respuesta al estrés, probablemente derivada de estar esta raza sometida a presiones ambientales y/o de manejo extremos.
027821
2253-9727
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/65644
Craneometry
Local breeds
Geometric morphometrics
Stress
Symmetry
High skull asimmetries in Araucan horse from Colombia
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/599712020-12-14T15:16:07Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Samuel, O. M.
author
Olopade, J. O.
author
2016-05-02
The aim of this study was to compare mandible forms in adult males and females of African giant rat (or Gambian pouched rat) (Cricetomys gambianusWaterhouse, 1840). For this purpose, 9 lateral mandibular landmarks were analysed by means of geometric morphometrics in 12 males and 13 females. Males and females appeared poorly discriminated according to mandible shape analysis, being major differences localized on mental foramen position and on alveolar height at first premolar. This fact suggested to be functionally related to diet preference and pattern of food handling. The results obtained from this research can be useful in rodent ration formulation and captive species management. This is the first time to the best of our knowledge that geometric morphometric comparison of mandible morphology in this African rodent is described.
024259
2455-5800
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/59971
African giant rat
comparative morphometry
Gambian pouched rat
sex assessment
Nesomyidae
Mandible in the African rodent Cricetomys gambianus (Waterhouse, 1840) is low sexually dimorphic
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/716192021-07-15T00:09:54Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José
author
2021
031341
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/71619
Antimicrobianos en la producción porcina desde la perspectiva de 'one health'
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/629712018-04-06T09:59:06Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_227com_10459.1_47453col_10459.1_10990col_10459.1_314col_10459.1_59998
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Royo Sánchez-Palencia, José Luis
author
Valls Marsal, Joan
author
Acemel, Rafael D.
author
Gómez-Marin, Carlos
author
Pascual Pons, Mariona
author
Lupiañez, Arantxa
author
Gomez-Skarmeta, Jose Luis
author
Fibla Palazón, Joan
author
2018
Previous reports have proposed that personality may have played a role on human Out-Of-
Africa migration, pinpointing some genetic variants that were positively selected in the migrating
populations. In this work, we discuss the role of a common copy-number variant within
the SIRPB1 gene, recently associated with impulsive behavior, in the human Out-Of-Africa
migration. With the analysis of the variant distribution across forty-two different populations,
we found that the SIRPB1 haplotype containing duplicated allele significantly correlated with
human migratory distance, being one of the few examples of positively selected loci found
across the human world colonization. Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C-seq)
experiments from the SIRPB1 promoter revealed important 3D modifications in the locus
depending on the presence or absence of the duplication variant. In addition, a 3' enhancer
showed neural activity in transgenic models, suggesting that the presence of the CNV may
compromise the expression of SIRPB1 in the central nervous system, paving the way to construct
a molecular explanation of the SIRPB1 variants role in human migration.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193614
026796
1932-6203
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/62971
A common copy-number variant within SIRPB1 correlates with human Out-of-Africa migration after genetic drift correction
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/847052022-12-16T13:56:24Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ruiz, Miguel
author
Puig, Andrea
author
Bassols, Marta
author
Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José
author
Armengol Gelonch, Ramon
author
2022-12-05
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most prevalent, deadly, and costly diseases in young cattle. BRD has been recognized as a multifactorial disease caused mainly by viruses (bovine herpesvirus, BVDV, parainfluenza-3 virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and bovine coronavirus) and bacteria (Mycoplasma bovis, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica and Histophilus somni). However, other microorganisms have been recognized to cause BRD. Influenza D virus (IDV) is a novel RNA pathogen belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae, first discovered in 2011. It is distributed worldwide in cattle, the main reservoir. IDV has been demonstrated to play a role in BRD, with proven ability to cause respiratory disease, a high transmission rate, and potentiate the effects of other pathogens. The transmission mechanisms of this virus are by direct contact and by aerosol route over short distances. IDV causes lesions in the upper respiratory tract of calves and can also replicate in the lower respiratory tract and cause pneumonia. There is currently no commercial vaccine or specific treatment for IDV. It should be noted that IDV has zoonotic potential and could be a major public health concern if there is a drastic change in its pathogenicity to humans. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding IDV structure, pathogenesis, clinical significance, and epidemiology.
https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122717
032859
1999-4915
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/84705
Bovine respiratory disease
Cattle
Etiopathogeny
Influenza D virus
Zoonosis
Influenza D Virus: What about its role in the Bovine Respiratory Syndrome?
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/627442020-12-14T15:10:05Zcom_10459.1_242com_10459.1_2col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Parés Casanova, Pere-Miquel
author
Lleixà, M.
author
Gambo, B. G.
author
Samuel, Michael Oluwale
author
Olopade, J. O.
author
2018-03-02
Developmental instability theory suggests that variation in some body parts in part can reflect the ability to buffer development from key environmental and genetic perturbations. Support for this approach comes mainly from assessment of fluctuating asymmetry, or deviations from symmetry of body features that are symmetric at the population level. In order to study dental asymmetry in domestic goats, we sampled 22 adult goat skulls. Bucco-palatine and mesio-distal distances (width and length) of the second molar on each side for each skull, on their occlusal aspect, were measured and compared using standard lineal methods. There was evidence of directional asymmetry, that is, unilateral mastication habits, being the left teeth of the arch slightly but systematically longer than the right. This directional change supported a right chewing side preference in the sample. It is important to highlight that the sample comes from non-pathological specimens. Therefore, it does depict the sample population of animals used in general. The observed asymmetries was not associated with any other cranio-facial abnormalities.
https://doi.org/10.15761/AHDVS.1000125
026765
2513-9304
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/62744
Capra
Directional asymmetry
Fluctuating asymmetry
Matched symmetry
Rasquera White Goat
Mastication in goats shows a chewing side preference
oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/679542020-02-07T00:22:36Zcom_10459.1_56965com_10459.1_2com_10459.1_242col_10459.1_57707col_10459.1_10990
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Bosch, Lluís
author
Ros Freixedes, Roger
author
Pena i Subirà, Ramona Natacha
author
Tor i Naudí, Marc
author
Estany Illa, Joan
author
2013
020035
1699-7883
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/67954
Greix intramuscular
Porcs
Paràmetres genètics
Mejora del contenido de grasa intramuscular y ácido oleico en porcino
marc///col_10459.1_10990/100