Publicacions de projectes de recerca del Plan Nacional

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Publicacions resultants de projectes de recerca del Plan Nacional.

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    Open Access
    Frenar el contagio por tierra y por mar en Cataluña y Mallorca en el siglo XV: en los albores de los cordones sanitarios
    (Firenze University Press, 2023-11-30) Reixach Sala, Albert
    El artículo analiza las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos urbanos de los dominios occidentales de la Corona de Aragón frente a los brotes epidémicos que se sucedieron después de la Peste Negra (1347-51) y hasta inicios del siglo XVI. Específicamente, se fija en las estrategias introducidas en villas y ciudades de Cataluña y Mallorca para controlar la movilidad de personas y bienes en tiempos de contagio. Estas medidas se iniciaron en las décadas de 1420 y 1430, pero no se consolidaron hasta la segunda mitad de la centuria. Con una combinación de fuentes inéditas y bibliografía local, se ofrece una reconstrucción de la secuencia de avances en su desarrollo, poniéndoles en relación con otros territorios europeos. Finalmente, se apuntan algunas hipótesis a explorar para interpretar la cronología y factores que incidieron en este proceso.
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    Open Access
    Invasive Streptococcus suis isolated in Spain contain a highly promiscuous and dynamic resistome
    (Frontiers Media, 2024) Uruén, Cristina; Gimeno, Jorge; Sanz, Marina; Fraile Sauce, Lorenzo José; Marín, Clara M.; Arenas, Jesús
    Introduction: Streptococcus suis is a major pathogen for swine and human. Here we aimed to know the rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in invasive S. suis isolates recovered along Spain between 2016 – 2021 and elucidate their genetic origin. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for 116 isolates of different genetic backgrounds and geographic origins against 18 antibiotics of 9 families. The association between AMR and genotypes and the origin of the isolates were statistically analyzed using Pearson´s chi-square test and the likelihood ratio. The antimicrobial resistant genes were identified by whole genome sequencing analysis and PCR screenings. Results: High AMR rates (>80%) were detected for tetracyclines, spectinomycin, lincosamides, and marbofloxacin, medium (20-40%) for sulphonamides/trimethoprim, tiamulin, penicillin G, and enrofloxacin, and low (< 20%) for florfenicol, and four additional β-lactams. The occurrence of multidrug resistance was observed in 90% of isolates. For certain antibiotics (penicillin G, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tilmicosin, and erythromycin), AMR was significantly associated with particular sequence types (STs), geographic regions, age of pigs, and time course. Whole genome sequencing comparisons and PCR screenings identified 23 AMR genes, of which 19 were previously reported in S. suis (aph(3’)-IIIa, sat4, aadE, spw, aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2’’)-Ia, fexA, optrA, erm(B), mef(A/E), mrs(D), mph(C), lnu(B), lsa(E), vga(F), tet(M), tet(O), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(W)), and 4 were novel (aph(2’’)-IIIa, apmA, erm(47), tet(T)). These AMR genes explained the AMR to spectinomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, tiamulin, and tetracyclines. Several genes were located on mobile genetic elements which showed a variable organization and composition. As AMR gene homologs were identified in many human and animal pathogens, the resistome of S. suis has a different phylogenetic origin. Moreover, AMR to penicillin G, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim related to mutations in genes coding for target enzymes (pbp1a, pbp2b, pbp2x, mraY, gyrA, parC, and dhfr). Bioinformatic analysis estimated traits of recombination on target genes, also indicative of gene transfer events. Conclusions: Our work evidences that S. suis is a major contributor to AMR dissemination across veterinary and human pathogens. Therefore, control of AMR in S. suis should be considered from a One Health approach in regions with high pig production to properly tackle the issue of antimicrobial drug resistance.
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    Open Access
    Assessing urban forest biodiversity through automatic taxonomic identification of street trees from citizen science applications and remote-sensing imagery
    (Elsevier, 2024) Velasquez-Camacho, Luisa; Merontausta, Esko; Etxegarai, Maddi; Miguel Magaña, Sergio de
    The positive impact of urban forests and trees on the well-being of urban residents worldwide is well known. Resistance to pests, diseases, and extreme weather events are among the most critical characteristics of resilient cities, closely related to species richness and, consequently, to the diversity of street trees. However, urban forest inventories are currently scarce worldwide. For this reason, urban trees' biodiversity and capacity to provide these ecosystem services are not developed enough. Three state-of-the-art species identification applications were tested, Plant.id, Pl@ntNet and Seek (iNaturalist) to identify a large number of tree families, genera, and species automatically. Two individual Google Street View images were queried for each tree in the study area, adjusting the Field of View and pitch parameters. The predictive capacity of the three apps was compared, and a biodiversity analysis was performed for different geospatial scales within the study area (i.e., at the whole study area, neighborhood, and street levels, respectively). Notably, our research contributes in an innovative way to the assessment and monitoring of the ecosystem services provided by street trees and sheds light on the great potential of combining remote sensing, citizen science and artificial intelligence for urban forest biodiversity assessments at multiple spatial and temporal scales.
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    Open Access
    El valor biográfico de la identidad y de la memoria a través de la disidencia sexual en Habíamos ganado la guerra de Esther Tusquets
    (Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Instituto de Investigaciones Literarias y Discursivas de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, 2024-01-01) Conesa Cortés, Rosa María
    Habíamos ganado la guerra, uno de los textos autobiográficos de Esther Tusquets, publicado en 2007, permite enriquecer la cuestión de la representación del homoerotismo en sus novelas. La disidencia sexual del personaje de José, uno de los primeros amores de la joven Esther, puede ser entendida no solo como la recuperación de su pasado, sino como un reflejo del momento presente de la escritura, a través de las estrategias narrativas y dramáticas elegidas en el proceso de creación. Desde esa perspectiva, de la mano de estudios teóricos sobre autobiografía e histórico-sociales, se analiza de qué modo el episodio donde se narra su historia con José dialoga tanto con su “yo” de la juventud, vigente entonces la modificación de la Ley de Vagos y Maleantes, como con la autora que publica en 2007.
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    Open Access
    NIR-HSI as a tool to predict deoxynivalenoland fumonisins in maize kernels: a stepforward in preventing mycotoxincontamination
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024) Borràs-Vallverdú, Bernat; Marín Sillué, Sònia; Sanchís Almenar, Vicente; Gatius Cortiella, Ferran; Ramos Girona, Antonio J.
    Maize is frequently contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2). In the European Union, these mycotoxins are regulated in maize and maize-derived products. To comply with these regulations, industries require a fast, economic, safe, non-destructive and environmentally friendly analysis method. RESULTS: In the present study, near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) was used to develop regression and classification models for DON, FB1 and FB2 in maize kernels. The best regression models presented the following root mean square error of cross validation and ratio of performance to deviation values: 0.848 mg kg−1 and 2.344 (DON), 3.714 mg kg−1 and 2.018 (FB1) and 2.104 mg kg−1 and 2.301 (FB2). Regarding classification, European Union legal limits for DON and FB1 + FB2 were selected as thresholds to classify maize kernels as acceptable or not. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.778 and 1 for the best DON classification model and 0.607 and 0.938 for the best FB1 + FB2 classification model. CONCLUSION: NIR-HSI can help reduce DON and fumonisins contamination in the maize food and feed chain. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.